[Note from Byron Drachman, July, 1998: Uncle Allen (Allen O.R. Drachman) has created a genealogy file on our family that represents more than 100 years of work. He began with the data provided by his mother Florence and his Aunt Edith. The file contains approximately 3,600 individuals. He has visited approximately 65 historical societies, libraries, colleges, religious libraries, the Library of Congress, the National Archives, cemeteries, and he has visited and interviewed relatives. The text below is from a report produced from the genealogy file from Uncle Allen. It lists the first four generations starting with Harris and Rebecca Drachman. I have followed the custom of deleting birth dates of people still living, since the text is on a public site. This file represents just a small part of the huge file from Uncle Allen. The various numbers such as 0428, etc. after names refer to an indexing system used by the genealogy program, PAF, that Uncle Allen used to create the file. If you have any photos that would be good to add to the web site, please send me an email.]

1. HARRIS¹ DRACHMAN was born Abt. 1810 in Poland ?, Poland ?, and died January 14, 1869 in Poland, Poland. He married REBECCA HARRIS in Poland ?.

Notes for HARRIS DRACHMAN:

Harris Drachman - 0428

BIRTH: No information on the birth of Harris Drachman (RIN 0428) is known.

NAME: His given name may have been Hirsch, instead of Harris.

IMMIGRATION: Harris Drachman (RIN 0428) and his wife, Rebecca Harris (RIN 0618), came to America between 1848 and 1856. This is an estimate based on the fact that his 2 sons, Philip Drachman (RIN 0413) and Samuel Harris Drachman (RIN 0335), would have been 15 years and 11 years of age in 1848, combined with the fact that they were brought, or sent, to this country to avoid conscription in the army at home. Their parents did not want them to ever enter the army as it was a sentence of death. The elder son, Philip, would have been at the age where it was certain that he would be selected, if his existence were known. At that time enrollments were for 20 years and no soldier ever lived that long. The family information is that Philip, at least, was hidden in a basement at home for 2 years to avoid conscription. When border guards had been bribed they were hidden in hay wagons and between mattresses and brought by wagons from Piotrkow to Paris, then to England and finally to America. No information has yet been found on what ship they came on and where they landed and the date of their arrival. It is the family understanding that 2 of their 3 sisters came at a later time. They, of course, would not be conscripted in Poland. Philip always suffered from asthma and that fact entered into his choice of the dry Southwest as a place of residence. He blamed his asthma on the fact that he had spent so much time hidden in the basement in Poland.

RESIDENCE: Harris Drachman (RIN 0428) appears in the City Directory of New York City for 1864. His address is listed as 3

Bayard Street. When his daughter, Rachel Drachman (RIN 0433), was married in New York City on 17 Apr 1864 to Michael Brylawski (RIN 0652) Harris was living there, according to Jeanette Brylawski (RIN 0452), who was Rachel's daughter.

RESIDENCE: Harris Drachman (RIN 0428) was in Philadelphia on 14 May 1867, and left that day for New York City to return to Poland. After his wife had died he returned to Poland and died there less than 2 years later. His burial place is not known.

He left New York City for Hamburg, Germany on 18 May 1867. The data in this paragraph are from Samuel Harris Drachman's (RIN 0335) diary.

DEATH: Harris Drachman (RIN 0428) died in Poland on 14 Jan 1869. This fact is chronicled in his son's, Samuel Harris Drachman (RIN 0335), diary, which is in the files of the Arizona Historical Society in Tucson.

Life Itinerary of Harris Drachman - RIN 428

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Notes for REBECCA HARRIS:

Rebecca Harris - 0618

BIRTH: Rebecca Harris (RIN 0618) was born about 1804 in Poland. This information is derived from her Death Certificate, which

is described below.

NAME: Rebecca Harris's (RIN 0618) surname may have been Hirsch.

IMMIGRATION: Very little information is known about Rebecca Harris (RIN 0618). She and her husband, Harris Drachman (RIN 0428), brought, or possibly sent, their two sons from Piotrkow, Poland by bribing border guards and hiding them in hay wagons and between mattresses as they brought them across Europe to England and then to America. Philip Drachman (RIN 0413) and possibly his brother, Samuel Harris Drachman (RIN 0335), were kept in a basement beneath their home for 2 years to avoid conscription. They were adolescent boys and Philip, the older by 4 years, was likely to be conscripted for a 20 year normal term of enlistment. Their parents avoided that by hiding them and bringing, or sending them to America to avoid the certain death that came with a 20 term of army service. No soldier lived that long in those days. Philip developed an asthma from

the experience and that entered into his selection of Arizona as a place of residence. They had 3 sisters, one of whom, Deborah, stayed in Poland. The other two immigrated, but the circumstances of their immigrations, dates and ports are unknown. The date of Rebecca's immigration is estimated to be between 1848 and 1856, because in 1848 Philip was 15 and Samuel was 11 years of age. It is known that the 2 sisters that came to the United States came separately from the boys, but the makeup of the immigration parties is unknown.

DEATH: A photostat of a Death Certificate for Rebecca Harris (RIN 0618) was obtained in 1979 from the City of New York showing that she was buried in October 1866 in the Cypress Hills Cemetery of Brooklyn, New York. Two letters, written in Dec 1979 and in Jan 1980, both elicited replies that her grave was not in that cemetery. An M. Scott of Cypress Hills wrote the re-plies.

Herbert Drachman (RIN 0720), Rebecca's grandson, is understood to have visited Rebecca's grave in Brooklyn on a trip east.

(For Death Certificate see Following Page:

Rebecca Harris - 0618

5 Jun 1996Page

(Death Certificate of Rebecca Harris)

The City of New York

Department of Records and Information Services

Municipal Archives

23 Park Row, New York, N.Y. 10038

Eugene J. Bockman, Commissioner 566-4292

VITAL STATISTICS CERTIFICATE

=====================================================================

Type of Search: Death

Borough of: Manhattan

Years Searched: 1866

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION WAS FOUND:

(a photostat of an 1866 Death Certificate)

CERTIFICATE OF CAUSE OF DEATH

I hereby certify, that I attended

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Name of the deceased,) Rebecca Harris

Aged 62 years Born in Polonia

Occupation, House-Keeper (Married)

Term of residence in this city, 13

And how long in the United States, if of foreign birth, 15

That I last saw her on the 11th October, 1866

That she died the 12 day of October 1866, at No. 3, Bayard St., 7th Ward

And that the cause of her death was

a: First, Dyssenteria (sic), existing for 1-1/2 months before death

b: Second, Weakness, beginning 1 days (illegible, may be 14) before death

Place of Burial, Cy. Hills (believed to be Cypress Hills)

Undertaker, N. Meyers Signed, F. W. Lilienthal, M.D.

Address, 63 Clinton Lane

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Illegible signature), Commissioner

Children of HARRIS DRACHMAN and REBECCA HARRIS are:

2. i. DEBORAH² DRACHMAN, b. Piotrkow, Lodz, Poland; d. Poland ?.

3. ii. PHILIP DRACHMAN, b. July 04, 1833, Piotrkow, Piotrkow Prov, Poland, Poland; d. October 09, 1889, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA.

4. iii. SAMUEL HARRIS DRACHMAN, b. November 09, 1837, Piotrkow, Lodz, Poland; d. December 26, 1911, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA.

5. iv. AUGUSTA DRACHMAN, b. May 25, 1839, Piotrkow, Lodz, Poland; d. September 12, 1908, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

6. v. RACHEL DRACHMAN, b. March 08, 1842, Piotrkow, Lodz, Poland; d. June 18, 1910, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

2. DEBORAH² DRACHMAN (HARRIS¹) was born in Piotrkow, Lodz, Poland, and died in Poland ?. She married REUBEN LEWITT.

Notes for DEBORAH DRACHMAN:

Deborah Drachman - 0434

MARRIAGE: Deborah Drachman (RIN 0434) married a man named Reuben Lewitt (RIN 2812) and had a child, also named Reuben Lewitt

(RIN 2813).

RESIDENCES: She is believed to have lived in the metropolitan New York City area for awhile and then returned to Poland, where it is believed she died.

Notes for REUBEN LEWITT:

Reuben Lewitt

MARRIAGE: Deborah Drachman married a man named Reuben Lewitt, and had a child, also named Reuben Lewitt. The son disappeared without a trace. No other fact is known about either of the Reubens.

Child of DEBORAH DRACHMAN and REUBEN LEWITT is:

i. REUBEN³ LEWITT.

Notes for REUBEN LEWITT:

Reuben Lewitt -

BIOGRAPHY: Reuben Lewitt, son of Reuben Lewitt and his wife Deborah Drachman, disappeared without a trace. No other fact is known about him.

3. PHILIP² DRACHMAN (HARRIS¹) was born July 04, 1833 in Piotrkow, Piotrkow Prov, Poland, Poland, and died October 09, 1889 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA. He married ROSA KATZENSTEIN April 21, 1868 in New York, New York, daughter of MOSES CATZENSTEIN and MINNA LILIENFELD.

Notes for PHILIP DRACHMAN:

Philip Drachman - 0413

Life Itinerary of Philip Drachman (RIN 0413) & (MRIN 0600)

4 Jul 1833 - 9 Nov 1889

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Dates Places Remarks

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MARRIAGE: The marriage of Philip Drachman (RIN 0413) and Rosa Katzenstein (RIN 0405) produced 10 children, all of whom reached adulthood.

MARRIAGE: Philip Drachman (RIN 0413) and Rosa Katzenstein (RIN 0405) were married on 21 Apr 1868 in New York City, from Certificate of Marriage of State of New York:

Witnesses: Ludwig Drufest & Albert Horn

Attest: Rev. H. Wassermann

Res: 348 East 15th Street

Groom: Philip Drachman

Place of Residence: Tucson, Arizona Terr.

Age: Thirty-four

Occupation: Merchant

Place of Birth: Poland

Father's Name: Hirsch Drachman*

Mother's Name: Rebecca Drachman

No. of marriages: one.

Bride: Rosa Katzenstein

Place of Residence: 327 Paremne, NY

Age: Nineteen

Place of Birth: Baltimore Mother's Name: Mina Lilienfeld

Father's Name: Moses Katzenstein No. of marriages: One

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* (Roy P. Drachman's (RIN 1683) family tree has Father: Harris Drachman and Mother: Rebecca

Hirsch

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The exact date of Philip's arrival from Europe is not known. It is believed to be in the period of 1848-1852. Europe was in turmoil in 1848. This, coupled with the discovery of gold in California, set off a huge immigration wave that lasted for years.

It is family lore that Philip lived at various times in New York City, Charleston, South Carolina, Philadelphia and in San Bernardino, California. His sister, Augusta, (RIN 0432), had married and lived in San Bernardino and Philip obtained his citizenship there in October, 1860. His sister Rachel, (RIN 0433), had married and lived in Philadelphia. His sister Deborah, (RIN 0434), had married and may have lived in the New York City metropolitan area (it is believed); although some family stories were that she had never left Poland.

The first actual Arizona reference to Philip is on March 14, 1863 at La Paz, Arizona. At that time La Paz was the site of a placer gold strike that lasted for a short time. It is located a few miles north of Blythe, California, but on the Arizona side of the Colorado river. He moved to Tucson in 1865. He was a member of the 3rd and 4th Territorial Legislatures in 1867, when they met in Prescott.

Philip died in his home on South Main Street, in Tucson, just beyond the southwest corner of the Arena and across from the Wishing Shrine. The family lived in that house for 4 more years and then moved into a house purchased from a Mr. McCormack, on the northeast corner of Main and McCormack Streets. The address was 211 South Main Street. The children and Rosa, their mother, lived there until finally some of the children moved to California. Albert Drachman, (RIN 1650), moved to San Francisco, the others to Los Angeles, to be near Miriam (or Myra) Drachman, (RIN 1649), who was teaching there.

Philip's parent were poor and lived in a country that had been a battleground for generations for Russia and its antagonists.

When the two sons were growing up Poland was a Russian territory. The Russians took all boys, when they reached the age of 13, and put them in their army. Harris Drachman (RIN 0428), and his wife, Rebecca Harris, (RIN 0618), Philip's parents, also had three daughters. They realized that the Russians would one day pick up the boys and they would never be seen again. The army was equivalent to slavery at that time and very few soldiers survived their army service.

When Philip (who was several years older than Sam, (RIN 0335)) was 11 or 12 their parents began to be very concerned about their future. Families in the area often spirited their male offspring out of the country to avoid the hated Russians.

They were determined to save their sons from the fate of service in the Russian army. They removed some boards from one of the rooms in their home and began to dig by hand a cellar into which Philip could hide. At night they would carry the soil out of the house and spread it so that it would not be noticed. This went on for months and months. Finally, they had a place to hide their older son, who was fast approaching the age of conscription.

When the Russians came to look for Philip they were told by the parents that he had run away.

Actually he was hiding in his cellar hole. He lived beneath the floor of his home for many, many months, while arrangements were made to send Philip and Sam to England and eventually to America.

Philip had health problems most of his adult life and he felt that they stemmed from the months spent in the damp hole. He is said to have come to Arizona from California for the warm, dry climate. He may have been Tucson's first health seeker!

From England the two boys made their way to America. When and how is not known. Two of the three daughters came to America also, at a later date.

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From the Prescott Weekly Courier, (Newspaper published in Prescott, Arizona), 22 Nov 1889, 1-9.

PASSING AWAY

One by one the pioneers of Arizona, who faced danger in every form and suffered great privation, are passing beyond the silent river. Phillip (sic) Drachman of Tucson, a pioneer of 1860, a true man in every respect, is the latest one of the old guard band of brothers who has joined the "innumerable throng." He left behind him a sorrowing wife and ten children, other relatives and hundreds of acquaintances, not only in Arizona but all over the Pacific Coast. Well had he served Arizona in and out of her Legislature, not as a talker but as a quiet, effective worker.

Although his residence was over 200 miles from that of ours; although differences between the sections caused us, on many an occasion, to go against the home interest of our deceased friend, our having done so never for a moment interfered with the nobleness of his character, which swept away all petty earthly issues and made him our friend in life, aye, even in death. Such friendship is, indeed, hard to repay. There is but one way to repay it in this life, so the widow and orphans of our departed brother pioneer can, at all times, command our best service.

- - - - - - -

Philip Drachman talked with a broad English accent, according to his daughter, Phyllis.

Transcript of a letter written by Philip Drachman to the Prescott, Arizona newspaper, "The Weekly Arizonian" of January 8, 1870, p 2, col 4.

Mr. Editor:

I find in a letter signed C. C. Bean, published in the "Miner" of December 25th a series of statements regarding the letting of a contract at Fort Whipple, and observing therein a species of shadowy allusion to myself I hope you will permit me, through your columns, to reply. In doing this it is not my intention to fling calumny at the character of any of the parties interested but merely to set forth simple facts, and having done so, to leave the public to draw their own conclusions:

The 1st of November 1869 being the day named as that upon which proposals to furnish grain to the Q. M. Department at Camp Whipple were to be opened, I handed in my bid for 500 tons at 6-1/4 cents per pound. Mr. Bean, for the same contract, bid as follows: 100 tons at 5-3/4 cents, 100 tons at 6 cents, 100 tons at 6-1/8 cents, 100 tons at 7 cents and 100 tons at 7-1/16 cents.

Now, in the statement published by Mr. Bean one of his bids is misstated and one omitted. He says, "Mr. George W. Bowers and myself together bid as follows for Camp Whipple: 100 tons at 5-3/4 cents per pound, 100 tons at 6 cents per pound, 100 tons at 6-1/8 cents per pound," in which statement it will be seen that two bids, one 7 cents and one 7-1/16 cents per pound, do not appear; and which will render the average of his bid for the whole amount 6-35/100 cents or thereabout, about 13 cents on every hundred pounds greater than mine. But to revert to the proceedings at Camp Whipple: So soon as it was discovered that Bean Baker and Co. were defeated in fact, the presence of intrigue became evident.

Unlike the straightforward manner in which the successful bidder is at once made known here, we bidders at Whipple must assemble at 4 p.m. to learn the result. I called but was informed that I could learn nothing before next morning. Next morning I called again and was informed that the Quartermaster had left town and that my informant, the clerk, can give me no information regarding the bids. Upon returning from the Quartermaster's office in company with Mr. Porter, likewise a bidder, he remarked, "There's something rotten," and sure enough something was very rotten as I soon afterwards discovered.

Not only had the Quartermaster left town but so likewise had a special messenger, bearing the bid of Bean Baker & Co. -- ahead of mail -- that it might be approved before exposure could be effected. Feeling that it became necessary to act at once and determinedly, if I would defeat the abuse of justice and position, I set out for San Francisco and upon my arrival called upon the Chief Quartermaster who informed me that strict justice would be done in the affair.

The contract has since been re-let which fact shows how much honesty has been blended with the proceedings under consideration.

The "Miner", however, remarked that Gen. Wheaton was present at the opening of the bids, and that, consequently, no injustice could have been practiced. Gen. Wheaton, I am aware, was present, and believe that the fact may account for the removal of the faithful Baker.

These are the facts stated calmly and dispassionately. I am represented as feeling sore-headed

yet my statement betrays less heat of brain than does that to which it is intended as a reply. I would regret that above my signature any term so rude and meaningless as "hurling stink-pots at people" should appear, I leave this style of explanation with the gentleman who sets it forth; he, perhaps, is worthy to employ it; I am not.

P. Drachman

(Photostat of a War Department document dated August 28, 1878):

WAR DEPARTMENT

Signal Service, U. S. A. -- United States Telegraph.

Dated: Yumas 27 (sic), 1878, 4 75 M. (sic)

Received at: TUCSON, Aug 28, 1878, 8:30 P.M.

To: L. M. Jacobs Co.

Your freight here but no money to pay. Send money and advise (illegible word) to let me have your freight. Have waited here for your freight three weeks.

P. Drachman

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(Newspaper reference)

"Arizona Citizen," weekly, 6 Jun 1879, p 2, c 3

Born, to the wife of Philip Drachman, a son, May 31, 1879

(This would have been Albert Drachman, (RIN 1650), who died on 23 Aug 1960)

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(Newspaper reference)

"Arizona Star," 29 Dec 1881, p 1, c 1

Phil Drachman has fitted up his new saloon in a costly manner. The counter is inlaid with rare pictures, and the whole place has an air of tone and elegance. It is named "Postoffice Exchange." Paul Jenicke, late of the Mint, presides behind the bar. The place will be opened to the public

this afternoon. Location: the corner of Congress and Church Streets, near the printing office.

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(Newspaper reference)

"Arizona Star," 28 Jul 1886, p 4

News Item:-- Phil Drachman has purchased the cigar store of Sampson & Co.

(Note: In 1881 Sampson had a cigar store at 206 South Main St.)

(Newspaper reference)

"Arizona Star," 23 Jun 1889, p 4, c 1

Phil Drachman has a new and elegant carry-all.

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(Newspaper reference)

"Weekly Prescott Courier," 15 Nor 1889, p 2, c 1

Philip Drachman, an old and good citizen of Arizona died in Tucson on the 9th inst., of pneumonia. He was in Arizona in 1860.

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(Note in Arizona Historical Society files)

Drachman, Philip, born at Piotrkow (Petrokov), about 75 miles southeast of Warsaw, Russian Poland, July 4, 1833, son of Harris and Rebecca Drachman; married Rosa Katzenstein, a native of Germany, at New York City, April 21, 1868; children, Harry Arizona, (1869-1951), Mose (1870-1935), Emanuel (1872-1933), Rebecca (Mrs. Solomon Breslauer, 1874-1960), Myra (1877-1934), Albert (1879-1960), Lillian (1882-1968), Mina (Mrs. Phil Robertson, 1884-1916), Esther (1886-1952) and Phyllis (Mrs. Albert P. Bell, 1888-1976).

Came to the United States at age of 16, passed through Tucson about 1854 en route to California where he was naturalized an American citizen at San Bernardino on 16 Oct 1860, by Judge Benjamin Hayes; joined with other residents of San Bernardino in a letter dated 1 Aug 1861, to Major James H. Carleton in command of U. S. troops in Los Angeles urging that a company of soldiers be sent there to protect them from a band of Confederate sympathizers who were:

"intending to make a sudden foray upon the merchants of San Bernardino and after securing

their plunder make good their escape across the Colorado on their way to the Confederate States of the South."

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Philip established a store at La Paz, Arizona, on the Colorado River in 1863 where he was listed in the Territorial Census, April, 1864 as Merchant, resident in Arizona one year, property valued at $5,000, on 1 May 1864 he made a gift of 25 pounds of coffee and 50 pounds of sugar as sup-plies for an expedition against the Apaches commanded by King S. Woolsey, moved from La Paz to Tucson in 1865 and entered into partnership with Isaac Goldberg to engage in merchandising and in contracting to carry U.S. Mail. Member from Pima County, House of Representatives, 4th Territorial Legislature at Prescott, September 7 to October 7, 1867.

In order to fulfill an Army contract the partners sent 80 men to buy hay in the Sam Pedro Valley for delivery at Camp Grant. In March, 1870, their wagon train, loaded with supplies for the hay- Canada del Oro near the northern spur of the Catalina Mountains, while the men were at breakfast. Robert Morrow, an Army Paymaster, with an escort of 10 soldiers, who were camped about a mile away, joined in the fight with the teamsters, who had scattered into the brush.

Angel Ortiz, the Wagon-Master, was killed early in the day and buried there; by about 11 A.M. the Apaches finished looting the wagons and went away, havng first driven off 12 yoke of oxen that were grazing in a flat about 250 yards from the camp; the four wagons were loaded with supplies such as clothing, coffee, sugar, bacon, tobacco, shovels, scythes, axes and 10,000 pounds of barley, all of which was lost but the wagons were not destroyed. At that time., his brother Samuel Harris Drachman, was employed by the firm as clerk and bookkeeper and later testified that they suffered a double loss, first of the stuff sent out from Tucson and then of the profit of $5,000 that they expected to realize on the hay contract.

In 1872 his partnership with Isaac Goldberg was dissolved after which he joined with his broth-

er, Sam, in a mercantile business on the corner of Main and Congress Streets in Tucson. They later engaged in hauling freight by teams from Yuma to Tucson and contracted to deliver sup-plies to Army posts in Arizona.

The "Tucson Citizen" newspaper, reported on 14 March 1879 that "Drachman's train is in with 15,000 lbs of flour from Hayden's (Tempe) and 7,000 lbs of barley." The advent of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1880 but an end to freighting.

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(Newspaper advertisement from the "Arizona Citizen," 17 Apr 1924)

OLD TUCSON NEWS AND STORIES

First Oysters and Cocoanuts

In 1875, the late Philip Drachman brought the first oysters to Tucson. Harry Drachman, his eldest son, was talking to me about it the other day, and said his father had considered this quite a feat coming so far inland, as these oysters came from Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. He also brought some cocoanuts on this same trip, and at the same time he brought into Tucson the first Singer sewing machine. You can draw some on your imagination when you know that these things were brought overland from the east, or from a port of entry in California or Mexico. Paying so much per pound for freight, at times articles were worth their weight in gold. For an illustration, my father (ed. note Samuel Harris Drachman (RIN 335)) often told me that he brought the first lamp to Tucson--a small coal-oil lamp that would probably retail for 50 cents today, and with it a can of coal oil, and that he sold it to Mrs. Leopoldo Carrillo for $50. Mrs. Carrillo used to put the lamp in the window of her residence on Main street and people came for miles around to see this wonderful light. Again I wish to remind you to look in this column when you are in the market for a house, a lot or acreage. Everything listed herein has been appraised and considered a good value. Purchasers have realized this because recently we have sold several places advertised in this column, and we invite anyone having an extra good listing to give us an opportunity to prove the sales value of this advertisement. I can always conscientiously advertise CORONADO HEIGHTS ACRES, in their class they have no equal, and their consistent sale is proof thereof. HERBERT DRACHMAN, Realtor. Phone 103. 25 South Stone.

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(Newspaper article from "The Weekly Arizonian," Tucson, Arizona, 20 Nov 1869, p3, c1,2)

HOW THEY DO THINGS NORTH

From good authority we have the following particulaers regarding the letting of government con-tracts at Fort Whipple: The bids were opened at the appointed time by the quartermaster, who discovered that his particular friend--by the way, his brother-in-law--has been underbid; well, of course, consanguinity could not be expected to stand aside and see old justice take the prize (?) and it did not; for this bid-opening functionary announced that one of the bids is gotten up in such style that he cannot understand it, and the bidders will therefore be pleased to call at the office at 4 p.m. to learn the issue. At 4 o'clock the bidders have assembled and only learn that the bid has not yet been deciphered, and 8 o'clock the following morning is the hour appointed for this revelation. But here, it may be asked, why did not the quartermaster rule out this bid? Well, simply because consanguinity forbade--the bid being that of his particular friend must be made to draw the prize. On the following morning, at 8 o'clock, the bidders were present, when Mr. Drachman, of the firm of Goldberg & Co., of this place, the lowest bidder for 500 tons of grain, is informed--albeit he has given the required securities and expressed his readiness to give bonds for any additional sum the quartermaster may name--that he is not a responsible man. But the amigo, whose bid was doubtless written in some of the dead languages and was two cents on every hundred pound (sic) greater than the bid of Mr. Drachman, to boot, is pronounced the successful bidder. Indeed, if the Q.M. Department is to become a gift enterprise let the fact be made public, that all who are so unfortunate as to hold no claim to relationship may bridge the difficulty by flattery. On the whole, what a contemptible proceeding! How unworthy and corrupt! Shame! Shame!!

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(Newspaper advertisement in "The Weekly Arizonian," Tucson, 23 Jul 1870, p 3, c 4

(An advertisement of firm of Goldberg & Drachman)

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A LISTING OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON PHILIP DRACHMAN

Rebellion Records, Series I, Vol. 50, Part 1, p. 555

Farish, T.E.- History of Arizona, 1918, Vol. 5, pp 2, 31 (Portrait)

Kelly, G. H. - Legislative History, - Arizona, 1926, pp 33, 358-359

Barter, G. W. - Directory of the City of Tucson, 1881, pp 16-19, 21, 68-69

Arizona Pioneers Historical Society, Tucson, Manuscript, 5 pages, written by Lillian Drachman (RIN 1651), based on statements by her mother, Rosa Drachman, about her marriage and arrival in Arizona in 1868.

Fourth Territorial Legislature, Arizona Territory, 1867 - Journals

District Court of Pima County - Judgement Docket No. 1, 1871-1873

U.S. Court of Claims - Indian Depredation Docket No. 6946, (Goldberg)

Newspaper References

"The Arizona Miner," Prescott

1867 Sept 7 4-2

1867 Sept 10 2-2

1869 Dec 25

"The Weekly Arizonian," Tucson

1869 Feb 7

1870 Jan 8 2-4

"The Arizona Citizen," Tucson

1869 Feb 7 3-1

1872 Feb 2 2-3

1872 Feb 24 2-3

1873 Mar 29 3-3

1873 Apr 12 1-5

1874 Jan 10 3-2

1874 Jan 17 3-2

1874 Oct 10

1875 Jan 9 3-2

1875 Jan 30 3-2

1875 Apr 10 3-2

1879 Mar 14 3-2

1889 Nov 16 Obituary

1951 May 2 10-1 (Photograph)

"The Arizona Star," Tucson

1881 Dec 29 1-1

1886 May 25 4-2

1886 May 28 4-1

1886 Jul 28 4-2

1889 May 15 4-1

1889 Nov 10 Obituary

"The Arizona Mining Index," Tucson

1884 Nov 8 2-3

"The Prescott Courier," Prescott

1889 Nov 29 1-9 (Obituary)

1915 Apr 17 2-5 (Reprint - Los Angeles Tribune)

"The Arizona Sentinel," Yuma

1889 Nov 16 3-1 (Death Notice)

"The Phoenix Herald," Phoenix

1889 Oct 31 3-1

1889 Nov 12 3-2 (Death Notice)

1889 Nov 14 3-2 (Funeral)

"The Tombstone Prospector," Tombstone

1889 Nov 11 4-1 (Death Notice)

Notes for ROSA KATZENSTEIN:

Rosa Catzenstein - 0405

RELATIONSHIP: Rosa Catzenstein (RIN 0405), after her husband Philip Drachman's (RIN 0413) death, took a trip with four of her daughters to visit relatives in the East. They stayed in the East about a year. They visited Rosa's sister, Sarah Vogel (RIN 0398) in Baltimore, Mary-land. They also visited Rosa's sister, Caroline Groves (RIN 0420), who lived on a farm in West Virginia, at Marysville, or Maseville (or some similar name), which was located about 30 miles from Kaiserville. They rode a wagon about 30 miles to reach her farm.

CHILDREN: None of Rosa Catzenstein's (RIN 0405) daughters, six girls, had any children; nor did her son Albert Drachman (RIN 1650) have any children. The other 3 of her children: Harry Drachman (RIN 1645) had 5 children; Mose Drachman (RIN 1646) had 3 children; and Emanuel Drachman (RIN 1647) had 3 children; totaling 11 children, of whom the oldest of the 11, Rosemary Drachman (RIN 1877), and the youngest of the 11, Florence Rosalie Drachman (RIN 1668), were girls. The other 9 were all boys.

RECOLLECTIONS: The following written recollection was made by Rosa Catzenstein, (RIN 0405) in 1907:

STATEMENT OF MRS. PHILIP DRACHMAN

Made at the request of her daughter, Miss Lillian Drachman (RIN 1651), at Lillian's home in Los Angeles, California, 21 Oct 1907.

On April 21st, 1868, Philip Drachman and I were married in New York City. On May 1st, 1868 we started on our journey to Arizona on the steamer "Arizona". We arrived at Aspinwall, now Panama City, Panama. We crossed the isthmus and took a boat to the steamer, which was to take us to San Francisco. I believe the name of the steamer was "Senator", but it has been so long ago I am not positive now of the name.

We arrived in San Francisco on May 23, 1868. We remained there two weeks and then took a steamer to Los Angeles. We landed at San Pedro and took a stage coach there for Los Angeles. We spent a couple of weeks or more in Los Angeles and then started for San Bernardino. We left early in the morning by stage coach and arrived at about six o'clock in the evening after a hard day's ride over very rough roads.

We arrived in San Bernardino on July 9th, 1868. A few days later Philip left for Arizona on a buckboard. I remained in San Bernardino until October when Philip returned for me. We started for Arizona on the 21st of October, 1868. We traveled in a four-horse ambulance. We had provisions and camped out. Mr. Peck, the driver, was a friend of my husband. Mr. L. M. Jacobs was with us when we started. The first night we camped out I could not sleep on account of the howling of the coyotes. The horses were tied to the side of the wagon. Our bedding was spread on the ground and that is the way we slept.

When we were ready to start in the morning I looked for my sunbonnet, which was made of straw with a ruffle of gingham. All I could find was the ruffle. The horses had eaten the straw. I had to wear a bandanna handkerchief on my head. I bought a hat at Yuma. It was a sight! It was a big straw hat with immense roses trimmed all around. They were all colors. It was the best I could get.

We traveled at the rate of 25 miles a day and camped near stations where I saw the roughest and worst class of men. As we traveled we passed many graves of poor fellows who had been murdered by the Indians or other desperate characters. We were detained en route by many mishaps to our team. So our friend, Mr. Jacobs, got disgusted and took a buckboard to Tucson ahead of us.

When we arrived at Yuma Captain Polhemus invited us to his home. He, as well as his wife, were very good friends of my husband. They treated us fine. We stayed there three days, then started again on our journey across the desert. The first station we stopped at after leaving Yuma was called Gila City. A mining camp existed there where a white woman lived. She was the only white woman I saw until I reached Tucson.

We crossed a mountain and when we got down from it there were eight graves of a whole family buried there. This place was called Oatman's Flat. This family met the Apaches and were kind to them, gave them provisions and tobacco. The Indians assisted them down the mountain and then murdered all of them with the exception of one girl, whom they made captive. A good many years later I heard she was rescued from the Indians by the soldiers.

When Mr. Jacobs arrived in Tucson he told my brother-in-law, Sam Drachman (RIN 0335), of our mishaps and when we got to a station called Blue Water we found there a team with ten armed men to escort us to Tucson. Sam had sent the team and also a mattress. On the ground at the Blue Water station a man was lying badly wounded by the Apaches. The Apaches were very bad in those days.

After a long and tedious journey across the desert, where there was nothing but cactus, sand and brush; until my eyes would ache at seeing nothing else except the immense freight wagons which they called "Arizona Schooners" (and mighty glad, too, were we to see them), we finally reached Tucson. It was certainly a long and tiresome journey.

We arrived in Tucson on November 15th, 1868. It would be impossible for me to describe my first impression of the Old Pueblo of Tucson. We stopped at Mr. Levin's home until our house was ready. The place where Mr. Levin's family lived was called "Levin's Park." They were very hospitable to us.

I started housekeeping without a stove. I cooked in a Dutch oven in an open fireplace. It was some years before we got stoves. When I did get one I enjoyed cooking.

I will try to remember prices of things as they were in those days: Butter, $1.25 per lb.; eggs, $1.25 per dozen; potatoes, 25 cents per lb.; coffee, $1.00 per lb.; sugar, $1.00 per lb.; canned fruits, $1.00 per can. Everything was high in the line of dress materials. I received a small box of apples (fresh) for which my husband had paid $17.00 in gold. They had come by stage and very few were fit to it after having been on the road so long. About 1877 I got the first fresh oysters in the shell. They were sent from Yuma, two dozen of them, and they cost $4.00. I also got the first pineapple, which cost $1.25.

When I arrived in Tucson there were only two other American women there. I have forgotten their names. Where the large public school stands was the military post where the soldiers camped. Later on they were removed to Fort Lowell. The Apaches were so bad it was not considered safe to go out of the city limits. Men always carried arms. We could see the signal fires on the mountains when there was an outbreak. The blood-thirsty Apaches had no mercy for men, women or children. They were conquered at last by the army.

On February 3rd, 1869, my oldest son, Harry, was born. He was the first boy born in Tucson of parents who were both Americans. At the age of six he attended John Spring's school and had to take a rawhide chair with him to sit on. We had no public schools.

In 1880 the railroad reached Tucson. There was great rejoicing. Today you can live as well in Tucson as in any other place in the country. I love Arizona. The happiest days of my life were spent there until I had to misfortune to lose my beloved husband, who died November 9, 1889. May he rest in peace.

It is 39 years since I left San Bernardino for Tucson and I have forgotten a great deal.

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DEATH: Copy of a Resolution dated 2 Sep 1918 at Tucson, from the Arizona Pioneers Historical Society:

WHEREAS THE Almighty has called to HIS bosom our most esteemed and highly respected sister, Rosa Drachman, who was one of the pioneer women of Arizona who passed through the period of hardships which in early days beset the Territory of Arizona and with her husband bore those hardships and troubles with that fortitude inherent in true womanhood

WHEREAS, recognizing the true worth of a loving wife and mother and the fact that she raised a large family of daughters and sons who are of great service to the community and are highly respected for their uprightness, intelligence and usefulness to the community. That we admire those noble qualities of our deceased sister which are worthy of the praises from those who recognize the real worth of a woman who inspired her children with those sterling qualities that constitute true manhood and womanhood in those who were left to mourn her irreparable loss and

WHEREAS, the law of nature must be obeyed even in grief:

BE IT RESOLVED: That the Arizona Pioneers Historical Society extends to the sons and daughters of our departed sister our most sincere condolences,

Very respectfully,

Chas. H. Tully (signed)

Committee.

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MARRIAGE: Rosa Katzenstein (RIN 0405) was introduced to Philip Drachman (RIN 0413) by her cousin, Louis Zeckendorf (RIN 0014), who was partner/owner of L. Zeckendorf & Company, where Philip was working. Philip went to New York City to meet Rosa. Rosa and Philip were married in New York City on April 21, 1868, and left shortly after to take up residence in Tucson, Arizona Territory, where Philip was working for L. Zeckendorf & Company.

RESIDENCE: After their marriage Philip and Rosa set up housekeeping in an adobe house with a dirt floor in Tucson, Arizona Territory. It was a very small frontier town at the time and Rosa was among the first, if not the first, wife to start a home there with a white husband. The Apache Indians were still very savage at the time and many of their friends were killed by the Apaches before the Apaches were controlled.

RECOLLECTIONS: Rosa later reminisced about how they looked forward for deliveries of newspapers, not so much for the news, but so they would have something to cover the dirt floor with. She recalled when they finally got a wooden floor they held a dance to celebrate. The celebration went all night, until dawn the next day, with many of their American and Mexican friends taking part in the festivities.

Children of PHILIP DRACHMAN and ROSA KATZENSTEIN are:

7. i. HARRY ARIZONA³ DRACHMAN, b. February 03, 1869, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. December 26, 1951, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

8. ii. MOSE DRACHMAN, b. November 16, 1870, San Francisco, California, USA; d. October 03, 1935, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA.

9. iii. EMANUEL DRACHMAN, b. August 01, 1872, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. December 28, 1933, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

iv. REBECCA DRACHMAN, b. October 06, 1874, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. October 22, 1960; m. SOL BRESLAUER, March 12, 1901, New York, New York.

v. MIRIAM DRACHMAN, b. June 28, 1877, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. May 06, 1934, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California, USA.

vi. ALBERT DRACHMAN, b. May 31, 1879, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. August 23, 1960, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. AMELIA ROYERS.

vii. LILLIAN DRACHMAN, b. July 24, 1882, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. September 26, 1968, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California, USA.

viii. MINA DRACHMAN, b. April 07, 1884, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. March 26, 1916, Globe, Gila Co, Arizona, USA; m. (1) SID HARRIS; m. (2) PHIL ROBERTSON.

ix. ESTHER MAY DRACHMAN, b. May 01, 1886, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. February 27, 1952, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California, USA; m. LOT HOLMES.

x. PHYLLIS DRACHMAN, b. November 02, 1888, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. April 17, 1976, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California, USA; m. (1) LOUIS TAPPE; m. (2) ALBERT P. BELL.

4. SAMUEL HARRIS² DRACHMAN (HARRIS¹) was born November 09, 1837 in Piotrkow, Lodz, Poland, and died December 26, 1911 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA. He married (1) JENNIE MIGEL November 18, 1875 in San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California, USA, daughter of MIGEL.

Notes for SAMUEL HARRIS DRACHMAN:

Samuel Harris Drachman - 0335

3 Jun 1996 Page

LIFE ITINERARY:

Samuel Harris Drachman (RIN 0335) & ( MRIN 0240)

9 Nov 1837 - 6 Dec 1911

Copy of Notes Made by Mrs. Harry A. Drachman

From Newspaper Articles of the 1890's and 1900's

As Written by Samuel H. Drachman on May 4, 1885

Sam Drachman had read Ross Browne's book of travels and resolved to see Arizona. On May 16, 1867 he took a steamer to San Francisco from New York. It took 22 days, (which included landing in Panama, crossing Panama by land conveyance and boarding ship on the Pacific steamer to Wilmington, California. All of the passengers were landed in small boats.

From Wilmington he took a stage to Los Angeles. He had previously heard it called the garden spot of Southern California. He found it to be a very small and insignificant Mexican town. He stayed a couple of days, then started for San Bernardino. The town of San Bernardino was the terminus of the stage route from Tucson. He was anxious to take passage at once for Tucson but was told that the Indians all over the territory, and particularly on the Tucson road, were on the warpath, killing people and killing stock. They had captured several stages and killed passengers. This delayed his trip for a while. The stages were withdrawn and the U.S. mail was carried on horseback.

He heard of a party of men getting ready to leave for Arizona City, afterwards called Yuma. He made arrangements for a seat in their conveyance. All were provided with food, arms, ammunition, blankets, etc. It was a hard trip. There was a great scarcity of water. They reached Yuma in 11 days very fatigued. This was their first chance to wash. They also sat down to their first good meal in which Sam was waited upon by a big buck Yuma Indian attired in usual summer attire, breach clout, paper collar, face painted in all colors, head daubed with a coating of mud and a rope around his stomach.

At Yuma he applied at the stage office for passage to Tucson. He was told the stage was filled and that the next buckboard would be due in six or eight days.

With nothing else to do he made acquaintances. One man, Ed Linn, informed him an important trial was about to take place and the justice was in need of a clerk. So after a short stay in Yuma Sam was installed as Clerk of the Court.

The prisoner was found guilty and fined $100. He was ordered to jail until the amount could be paid. Since there was no jail he was chained to a log and kept there half a day until a committee of Citizens took pity on him and called on his honor, the justice, to intercede for the man. They succeeded in having the prisoner released after paying the judge $10 on condition the judge treat all hands, to which he agreed. All hands took a drink and the incident was closed. No other payment for services rendered was made to Sam.

Sam was delayed 8 days in Yuma, then took passage for Tucson. The second day out the little mules became exhausted from heat and hard pulling and were making only 2-1/2 miles per hour. A large sponge, saturated with water, was attached to each animal's head, which relieved them somewhat. They were permitted to rest and graze for a couple of hours. This helped and they proceeded. Sam asked the driver why they used such poor, slow moving animals. The driver replied that there were two reasons: First, should the Indians capture the outfit they would not get much; Second, after capturing them they could not get far before they were overtaken. They arrived at the desolate place called Oatman Flat where the Oatman family had been cruelly murdered.

At Oatman Flat they changed teams, filled canteens and drove on. The next station, Blue Water, was then owned by Sam Wise. He later sold the station to a man named Baker, who, with his family, were shortly after murdered by a Mexican in his employ. At Blue Water they changed animals, ate a good meal and moved on.

The driver called Sam's attention to the dangers likely to be encountered while passing the `Picach' where Indians preyed upon the passersby. "We intended to pass the `Picach' at night. We got our arms and ammunition ready and watched every cactus, tree and bush on both sides of the road. We were counting on reaching the next station by daylight, but one of our mules was snake bitten. His leg became so badly swollen he could not stand. We were between 20 and 30 miles from the next station. I wished I was back in Philadelphia. The driver said he would ride the other mule back to Blue Water to bring a fresh animal and procure remedies. He left me in charge of the U.S. mail and the rest of the outfit. I declined to be left alone in that place."

"The driver then said that if we had powder we could burn the poison out. We extracted some from the cartridges and mixed it with part of a bottle of Jamaica ginger from our supplies and applied it but without effect. Darkness came on. We were afraid to start a fire. We pulled our buckboard off of the road and waited. At 11 o'clock we heard voices and the tread of horses. We got our arms and ammunition ready, determined to die gamely."

"The horses' tread came nearer. `Indians', cried the driver. `Get your arms and ammunition ready. Let us do the best we can.' This being my first experience in Indian country you can imagine my feelings. And then in a clear melodious voice we heard "Hang Jeff Davis on a sour apple tree." Friends! The party appeared in sight. It was the Hon. Charles T. Hayden and Mr. Charles A. Shibell. After treating us to a drink of so-called `Arizona Bug Juice' they rode on. Thus ended my first `Indian' encounter."

The next morning at daybreak they found their animal much improved and traveled on to Point of Mountain station. The place was kept by Charley Warren, noted for the good meals he served travelers. Here they changed their team for a couple of fresh lively little mules. They were still in dangerous Indian country. When they passed the Nine Mile Water Hole they made preparation for battle as Indians were constantly passing that spot. They did not encounter any of the "Red Devils" and in 2-1/2 hours more reached Tucson at noon, September 16, 1867.

Sam writes: "My first impression of the Ancient and Honorable Pueblo was not very favorable. The style of the buildings, the manner of conducting business, the limited stocks, and the prices asked for provisions, clothing and everything else astonished me. Flour was selling at $14.00 per 100 lbs.; cube sugar, $0.75 to $1.00 per lb.; brown sugar, 60 to 70 cents per lb. ; tea, $! to $2 per lb; the cheapest kind of soap, 50 cents per bar; bacon 60 to 75 cents per lb; candles, 60 to 75 cents per lb.; potatoes from Santa Cruz, Mexico, 6 to 10c per lb.; California potatoes, 20 to 25 cents per lb and scarce at that; calico, 3 yds for a dollar, which now, 1885, can be bought at 20 yds for a dollar. Clothing was scarce and commanded high prices. Coal oil, now called kerosene, was monopolized by one person and he raised the price from $5 to $8 per gallon. In 1873 lumber was selling for from 12-1/2 cents to 20 cents per foot and scarce at that. That year the first board floor was laid in the courthouse. That caused quite a stir among the old timers. That same year Arizona was connected to the outside world by telegraph."

"When I arrived in Tucson in 1867 the Indian troubles were at their height. People were being murdered daily in the most fiendish manner. The population of Tucson did not exceed 1000 to 1200 persons, about 1/4 of them Americans. Business was at a standstill. No mining was being done as no one dared to risk going into the mountains, unless well armed. The supply of weapons was limited."

"Application was made to the Secretary of War to supply the citizens with needed guns, which request was granted on condition that each person receiving a gun give a bond for the return of same. For a time the people were well armed."

"About this time General Sherman visited the Territory and while at Prescott a committee of citizens called upon him and presented the state of affairs and asked him to give the Territory more troops. He, having little love for Arizona, replied that this country was intended for the Apaches and that we had better get out of Arizona. The people continually called for help. The pious General O.O. Howard was sent out and he made a treaty of peace with some of the tribes advising the Arizona people to treat the Indians with Christian love instead of bullets. The treaty did not last long and resulted in the Camp Grant Massacre which gave Arizona some peace for awhile."

Sam was a well known Tucsonian, having operated a cigar store at the top of the "Wedge", which was a sliver of land dividing West Congress Street, starting at Stone Avenue, and widening somewhat as you traveled west. The Wedge was removed after the turn of the 20th century and Sam's store was moved to the south side of Congress Street, about 150 feet west of Stone Avenue.

Sam lived on South Main Street, about a block south of Congress Street. He moved from there to a home built at the southwest corner of North 4th Avenue and East 3rd Street. It was later a Sigma Chi fraternity house, a dairy bottling plant and then it was razed.

Sam was active in politics, especially on the local school board. Eventually one of the Junior

High Schools in Tucson was named the Drachman School, after his service on the school board.

from a newspaper clipping in Sam's scrapbook file at Arizona Historical Society, in Tucson.

clipping dated approximately 1 Sep 1892

Sam Drachman

Who in Arizona does not know Sam Drachman? He is a veritable landmark and was established in Tucson when Sentinel Peak was only a mole hill.

A great many years ago, when Sam was younger than he is now, and his head was full of roman-tic ideas, he read with deep interest J. Ross Browne's work on Arizona and Sonora, and in time it created in him a desire to visit this land of sunshine. He also received encouraging letters from his brother, the late Philip Drachman, who resided in Tucson, and in 1867 he left the city of New York by steamer for San Francisco and took the overland stage for Yuma.

He tells of an incident at Carrizo Creek, now Indio, on his trip out that almost caused him to turn back. It was in August, and the day was one of those fervent creations of the Colorado Desert that no one can appreciate who has not felt the draft from that natural furnace. The stage had stopped for dinner, and such a meal it was! Sam's oyster and capon lined stomach was still somewhat fastidious and a glimpse of the black beans and bad smelling coffee served in fruit cans was a disappointment that almost discouraged him. He sat down upon a box while the others partook of the meal with a show of relish, and while the perspiration dripped from his face in streams, he felt that Hades was indeed a reality and that he was then within its suburbs. He was suffocating from the intense heat and was so near prostrated that life was of little consequence to him. At last the driver shouted "all aboard' and asked Sam if he was not going to get on the stage. Sam said that he guessed he would not go any further; he was then so nearly dead that he could not go and would return with the first conveyance. They laughed him into a little show of determination and he went on to Yuma in a parboiled condition.

From Yuma he came by teams to Tucson, being three weeks on the road in mid-summer. He arrived here on September 4th, 1867, just 25 years ago next Sunday, and he has remained here ever since and is one of the pillars of the moral and commercial edifice of the city. Only once did he return to New York to visit his old home and stand beside the grave of his dear old mother, and that was about a year ago.

Mr. Drachman took a big government hay contract soon after he arrived, and was to deliver one thousand tons of hay at old Camp Grant for $28 per ton, and lost $7000 on it through the out-break of the Indians. Gen. Howard, when peace with the Apaches had been concluded, directed Gen. Stoneman to have all the Indians possible given employment by government contractors. They were set to work and for a time brought in bundles of hay faithfully, but finally grew weary of manual labor and went over on the San Pedro (River) and stole stock and killed settlers just for the fun of the thing. Bill Oury sent word to Lt. Whitman, then in command of Camp Grant, to refuse passes to the Indians or trouble would ensue. Whitman sent back word that he was running that camp and advised Mr. Oury to mind his own business. This was the beginning of events that led up to the terrible Camp Grant massacre and other scenes of bloodshed. It broke up the hay contract and cost Mr. Drachman a great deal of money.

He had bought a ranch there of the Isreal estate. Gen. Howard took it for the Indians and personally guaranteed payment by the government, but not a single dollar has every yet been paid. The same experience befell Mr. Drachman and others at Fort Lowell, the land on which it stands having been bought by them and taken by the Government without a cent of remuneration. The property was virtually confiscated.

Mr. Drachman has experienced all the vicissitudes of frontier life and has at times rolled in wealth and again felt the pangs of poverty, but he never lost his grip. Today he is in comfortable circumstances and sells more and better cigars than any dealer between Los Angeles and El Paso.

He was married in 1875 in California, and has four children--two sons and two daughters. His eldest son, Herbert, is now at the Berkeley Gymnasium, California.

Mr. Drachman has served as a member of the Legislature and of the city council, and he enjoys the esteem and confidence of every resident of Southern Arizona, all of whom rejoice that upon this anniversary of his reaching Tucson he enjoys perfect health and a comfortable income, and doesn't want an office.

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From a Tucson newspaper of 5 Sep 1894:

A REMINISCENCE

Tucson As It Was Twenty-Seven Years Ago

How Sam. H. Drachman Found it On His Arrival Here--Days of Killings, Money and Soldiery

Twenty-seven years ago yesterday, or Sept. 4, 1867, Sam H. Drachman, one of Tucson's solid businessmen, arrived here.

It was a typical frontier town, that Tucson of twenty-seven years ago. Lives were not worth much, money was plenty, prices were high, very high, and the Indians had full sway surrounding.

Tucson then had a population of 1300, by Mr. Drachman's estimate--300 Americans, a few but a very few, of them are left today, and a thousand Mexicans. The sole support of the town was the government supplies. All were engaged in callings more or less tributary to the government. The money came from the government paymasters and when that was not in use, government vouchers, due on the next arrival of the paymaster were current. Mexicans got out wood and hay and beef for the army. They would bring in a voucher for $200 or $300 for two or three month's work. This they would take to a merchant, trade some of it out, and get the balance in money. On the next arrival of the paymaster the merchant would get his coin.

The paymaster only arrived every six months. Then such a hurrah as did follow! Everybody had money, and plenty of it. Gambling was done in a way that would make 1894 devotees of the goddess Fortune open their eyes. Business boomed. The money would last for two or three months, then the era of vouchers would begin again.

THE EARLY DAY APACHES

Sons of Hell the Apaches always were. In early days they were treacherous, just as they have been since, and unworthy of trust and without the slightest honor. A man's life was taken in his hand when he went a mile from town, from danger of a lurking fiend, armed to kill behind some bush. Men have been killed as near as Silver Lake. About Tucson in those days was a succession of bloody horrors at the hands of the Apaches. Every chance was given the Indians to be-have, and they were pressed with threats if they did not cease depredations. They might as well have tried to stop the wind from blowing. Once, the Indians gave a smoke signal for peace, and the soldiery went to them. They proposed being on their good behavior which offer was gladly accepted. Forthwith good land was turned over to them to work, among it a ranch belonging to Mr. Drachman. The Indians were put at cutting hay on a government contract. For a few days those bucks worked and then they went off on another killing expedition, leaving the women to work at the hay. When Mr. Drachman got back to Tucson he heard great indignation expressed at the red devils.

Soon after, the famous Camp Grant massacre occurred. An armed party of a hundred men left town for the Indians, and killed 197 of them, returning in safety to town. Then followed a "trial." Of course, it was a fiasco. No Tucson man would condemn another for killing Apaches. One hundred men were tried for murder in one day and all of them cleared.

Freighting was then naturally an important business. Merchandise was sent by water from San Francisco to the mouth of the Colorado, thence it was taken up the river in barges to Yuma. From Yuma it was freighted to Tucson, in wagons that were almost like box cars. By the time merchandise had reached Tucson, it had enhanced in value fifteen, twenty or 50 cents a pound, from freight charges.

A bar of soap that sells now 6 for a quarter, then brought fifty cents. Coffee was $1 a pound.

Boots were $14 to $25 a pair. Flour was $16 to $18 per hundred pounds. Twenty-five cents was the smallest money in use, just as a nickel is here today.

Tucson still has a tinge of those "good old times" about her, but in the time of 1894 there is much to be thankful for, when compared to Mr. Drachman's Tucson of September, 1867.

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from the Tucson Daily Citizen, a newspaper, of 7 May 1951, p. 28

ARIZONA PIONEERS

S. H. DRACHMAN

Through a residence of 54 years in Tucson, Samuel H. Drachman established himself in the affection and regard of the people of the Old Pueblo and left the impress of a forceful personality upon commercial interests and public affairs.

Mr. Drachman was born in Russian Poland in 1837, came to New York when he was 18 years old, and later went to Charleston, South Carolina. He joined the Confederate Army in 1861 and served through the entire Civil War under General Beauregard, and with a creditable military record came in 1867 to Tucson to join his brother Philip. He worked as a government contractor.

Later he established a tobacco and cigar business and as the business grew, opened a branch store in Phoenix. In 1875 he was married in San Bernardino, California to Miss Jennie Migel, and they became the parents of four children; Herbert, Sol, Lucille and Myrtle. His relationship to relatives still living in Tucson is as follows: Father-in-law to Mrs. Herbert Drachman, grandfather to Richard Drachman, uncle to Harry Arizona Drachman and Albert Drachman, great uncle to Roy, Frank, Oliver and Cowan Drachman and Rosemary Drachman Taylor .

Fraternally Mr. Drachman was affiliated with the Masonic Order and the BPOE, and was one of the founders of the Arizona Pioneer Historical Society.

He was one of the greatest individual forces in the educational life of Tucson and left his mark upon Arizona's political history, serving in the seventh Arizona legislature and on the Tucson city council (standing always on the side of right, reform and progress and steadily opposing all kinds of political corruption). During his term as school trustee, the Tucson High School (which is now Roskruge School) was built. Also built were the Davis, Mansfeld (now Safford school), Holliday (located at the present site of the Tucson Senior High School), and Drachman schools.

His death in 1911 marked the passing of a gallant soldier, able politician and business man. Mr. Drachman ever manifested a deep and helpful interest in those projects which were of vital significance to the welfare of his community.

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from page in Samuel Drachman's diary at the Arizona Historical Society in Tucson:

Mother died October 12th, 1866.

Father died January 14th, 1869. Received the news of Father's death on March 5th, 1869.

Notes for JENNIE MIGEL:

Jennie Migel

BIRTH: Jennie Migel was born in Russia.

MARRIAGE: Jennie Migel was married in San Bernardino, California when she was 17 years of age.

RESIDENCES: Russia 1858-?

San Bernardino, California ?-1875

Tucson, Arizona 1875-1916 (approx.)

Los Angeles, California 1916 (approx.) -1927

DEATH: From a Tucson newspaper of 13 Jun 1927

MRS. J. M. DRACHMAN, PIONEER TUCSONAN, DIES ON THE COAST

Mrs. Jennie Migel Drachman, former pioneer resident of Tucson, and mother of Herbert Drachman, died suddenly yesterday in Los Angeles, according to word received by local members of the family. Mrs. Drachman resided in Tucson for 37 years, and for the past 12 years has lived in California.

Mrs. Drachman, who was 68 years old, was born in Russia. She was married in San Bernardino, California at the age of 17, coming to Tucson immediately after. Besides her son, Mrs. Drachman is survived by two daughters, Mrs. Lucille Drachman Shank of San Francisco and Mrs. Myrtle Drachman Birnbaum of Los Angeles.

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From the Arizona Daily Star, Tucson newspaper, of 13 Jun 1927

TUCSON PIONEER DIES SUDDENLY IN COAST CITY

Mrs. Jennie Drachman Came Here as Bride in 1879, left in 1912

Word was received in Tucson yesterday of the sudden death in Los Angeles of Mrs. Jennie Migel Drachman, for 37 years a resident of Tucson, but for the last 12 years a resident of California. She was the mother of Herbert Drachman of Tucson and the widow of Samuel H. Drachman who died in 1911.

Mrs. Drachman was born in Russia 68 years ago and was married in San Bernardino at the age of 17, coming here on her honeymoon. Besides the son here, she leaves two daughters, Mrs. Lucille Shank of San Francisco and Mrs. Myrtle Birnbaum of Los Angeles. Mrs. Birnbaum is visiting in the East and until word can be received from her it is not definitely decided what funeral arrangements will be made, except that the services will be in Tucson.

From a Tucson newspaper, date unknown, but approximately 14 Jun 1927

MORTUARY

Mrs. Samuel H. Drachman

Funeral services for the late Mrs. Samuel H. Drachman, who passed away last Sunday at her home in San Francisco, will be held tomorrow afternoon at 4 o'clock from the home of her son, Herbert Drachman, 941 North Sixth Avenue.

In addition to her son, the deceased is survived by two daughters, both well known here. They are Lucille, now Mrs. Floyd C. Shank of San Francisco; and Myrtle, now Mrs. H. H. Birnbaum of Los Angeles. Mr. and Mrs. Shank and children arrived last evening from San Francisco, while Mr. and Mrs. Birnbaum, who have been traveling in the East, will arrive this evening for the services.

Before her marriage to Samuel H. Drachman at San Bernardino, in 1875, the deceased was Jennie Migel. Following the marriage the couple returned to Tucson by stage, the overland journey taking five days. The deceased was a resident of Tucson from 1875 to 1916, leaving here to live in San Francisco, where she resided until the time of her sudden death.

The Christian Science burial service will be read at the service tomorrow, and interment will follow in the Evergreen Cemetery.

Pallbearers will be Gustav Hoff, Harry E. Heighton, Charles F. Solomon, George F. Kitt, John C. Etchels and Al Buehman.

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From the Tucson Citizen of 15 Jun 1927

MORTUARY

Mrs. Jennie Drachman

Funeral services for Mrs. Jennie Drachman who died suddenly in Los Angeles, Sunday, will be held in Tucson, probably Friday. The remains of the pioneer Tucson woman are being returned to this city in the company of her daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Shank, of San Francisco, and will arrive here at midnight tomorrow.

Positive arrangements for interment will not be available until the arrival of another daughter, Mrs. Myrtle Birnbaum, of Los Angeles, who has been in the East and will arrive in this city Tuesday evening on the `Apache.' Herbert Drachman, son of the deceased, is already in this city.

Mrs. Drachman has lived for the past twelve years in California after having resided in Tucson for 37 years. She was the widow of Samuel H. Drachman, who died here in 1911.

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From the Arizona Daily Star of 16 Jun 1927

SERVICES FOR MRS. DRACHMAN WILL BE FRIDAY

Details of Funeral Not Yet Arranged, Pending Arrival of Daughter

Funeral services for Mrs. Jennie Migel Drachman, pioneer Tucson woman, will be held Friday afternoon. The body of Mrs. Drachman will arrive here at midnight tonight, accompanied by her daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Shank, of San Francisco. Positive arrangements for the funeral will not be available until another daughter, Mrs. Myrtle Birnbaum, of Los Angeles, arrives tonight.

Other relatives who will attend the funeral from distant cities are Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Goldberg, Mr. and Mrs. Albert Rosenberg, and Mr. and Mrs. Joe Melczer, all of Phoenix. Herbert Drachman, a son, is a resident of this city.

Children of SAMUEL DRACHMAN and JENNIE MIGEL are:

Abt. 1917, San Francisco, San Francisco Co, California.

  i. HERBERT³ DRACHMAN, b. September 26, 1876, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. October 23, 1937, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. EDA QUIRE,

Notes for HERBERT DRACHMAN:

Herbert Drachman -

ADOPTION: Herbert Drachman had no children. He did, however, adopt Richard Soderberg, natural son of his wife's first marriage, and legally changed his stepson's name to Richard Drachman.

PARENTS: Herbert Drachman was the son of Samuel Harris Drachman and his wife, Jennie Migel. Herbert was born in 1876 in Tucson--when the present desert metropolis was merely a frontier village of American frontiersmen and peaceful Indians.

EDUCATION: When public schools as they are known and pictured today were unheard of, Herbert, with his cousins, Harry, Mose, Emanuel and Albert, received his elementary training in makeshift fashion.

As the 20th century drew near, Herbert journeyed by stage coach to Berkeley, California, where for five years he studied at the University of California. After graduation he returned to the Old Pueblo.

Resuming his place in the town of his birth, which had progressed little during Herbert's rise to manhood, he joined his father in his cigar store. During the following years he became active in athletics, particularly baseball, and in civic affairs.

BIOGRAPHY: Herbert Drachman was a good athlete, a fast runner who participated in many match foot races, which were popular sports to bet on in early Tucson.

He was proud of his membership in Tucson's first volunteer fire department. Frequently he would display quaint pictures of himself and other members of the volunteer fire department in the days when even the "Old Steamer" pump fire engines, pulled by horses, were unavailable.

He was a member of the Tucson Realty Board and the Old Pueblo Club. Only recently his business, the Herbert Drachman Realty Company, became the Drachman-Grant Realty Company, adding James Grant as a partner.

During the past summer (1937) he suffered a slight illness while visiting in California. Several days before returning home, as he stepped from the curb into the street in Los Angeles, an automobile backed into him, slightly injuring his leg. Since then he had used a cane.

Although the leg injury was minor, the shock upset him. He returned to Tucson in the middle of October, 1937 and was confined to bed until his death on 23 Oct 1937.

RESIDENCES: Herbert Drachman lived part of his early adult years in San Francisco. He married there and then moved back to Tucson and went into the real estate business and was very successful in it.

In 1909, however, after a decade of business and civic activity in Tucson, he journeyed to San Francisco. There he established his home and a curio business.

Returning to Tucson in 1916 he established his real estate and insurance business in which he prospered and was active until the Spring of 1937. Since his return in 1916 he had been closely and vitally associated with affairs of the Tucson Chinese colony, the Yaqui Indians of Pascua village, the Tucson school system and many other civic advancements.

He was active in aiding the local Chinese in raising funds for the cause of defending China from the Japanese military machine's invasion.

He also figured prominently in community affairs of the Yaqui village, throughout the years aiding the primitive Yaquis, especially in sponsoring the famed Easter ceremonial dances. Besides obtaining money and food for the Yaquis in order that they could continue their dances, Herbert continually persuaded the tribesmen to band together for their own preservation.

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DEATH: From a Tucson newspaper, probably of October, 1937.

DRACHMAN'S WILL IS FILED IN COURT

The will of Herbert Drachman, pioneer Tucson realtor, together with a codicil, was filed for probate in Superior Court here yesterday. The will, signed March 2, 1935, leaves all of Mr. Drachman's property as inherited from his parents to his two sisters, Myrtle D. Birnbaum, Los Angeles, and Lucille Shank, San Francisco.

To Edna Miller, of Tucson, the will leaves a one-half undivided interest in the real estate and insurance business left by Drachman. The widow, Mrs. Eda Drachman, who, the will states, has already received one half of the estate, is named executor without bond. The son, Richard Drachman, receives $5 under the will.

In the codicil, signed August 3, 1937, Mr. Drachman reduced the bequest of a share in his business for Mrs. Edna Miller to one-fourth of Drachman's one-half community property share.

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from Herbert Drachman's file at the Arizona Historical Society in Tucson:

There may be a few old timers left who will remember the Wedge and the Drachman Cigar Store at the head of the Wedge facing on Congress, Stone and Maiden Lane. The post office then was where Litt's Drug Store is, at the northeast corner of the intersection of Congress and Stone. That was just about the end of the businesses on East Congress Street. The Cigar Store had quite a number of folding chairs in the back room, and customers would come in and pick up their own chairs and take them out to the Stone Avenue side and sit right in the Street. It was a great gathering place for the baseball team, baseball fans and summer widowers, and it was not uncommon to see twenty to thirty chairs out there during summer evenings. Someone conceived the idea of having a fake telegram come to the first night of a summer widower, notifying him he was elected to membership, and that the drinks were on him. Rossi's corner was very handy, and the summer widower, naturally came around to get even with someone else the next night.

That was just about the turn of the century, and O'Bryan Moore was editor of the Citizen, then the most popular and principal daily of our city. Mr. Moore was a very able editor. At one time he was editor of the Washington Post, Washington, D.C., but had an idea he could just run this town to suit himself; first jumping on one citizen then another, because they would not do his

bidding or advertise as much as he thought they should. Finally he jumped Adolph Bail, popular liquor dealer; next Nonnie Bernard, then supervisor and partial owner of the Tucson Ice and Cold Storage Co., as well as owner of the Arivaca Land and Cattle Co., and by the way, one of the lovable men of his time. This incensed the people and before the ink on that story was hardly dry, United States Marshall, William M. Griffith, was also roasted, without any rhyme or reason. That did settle matters, to the effect the crowd in front of the cigar store said, "Let's all quit advertising in the Citizen;" which was then and there agreed upon, and Mr. Moore blamed Herbert Drachman, then manager of the above referred cigar store, and took a whirl at him.

As there was a blank wall on Congress Street some 30 or 40 feet long, someone suggested putting up a blackboard and starting a real newspaper. This was done and great reporters volunteered their services without cost. The late Judge Wm. H. Barnes, Judge Thomas Satterwhite, Mose Drachman and a number of other celebrities enrolled on the staff. It was a serious matter, not a joke. Local news was on the blackboard hours before the evening paper was printed. The Los Angeles Times would arrive in the morning and such news as was of local interest would be in the Citizen that night. The blackboard also used this method, so that by the time the paper was out, nearly all Tucson had read about everything there was in the Citizen. Just about that time Dr. Parker, president of the University of Arizona was dismissed, and the news was on the blackboard early that day.

The next sensational news was the suicide of the Collector of Customs at Nogales, when discovered smuggling Chinese. That too was on the blackboard early in the day. Such things were just as you would say today, getting Mr. Moore's goat, and when a few days later, President McKinley was shot, and the blackboard had the news almost an hour before the Associated Press, it was too much for Mr. Moore, who came to Herbert Drachman and said "That is Associated Press News and you have no right to have it up there, and if you don't take it down in 15 minutes, I will kill you." Mr. Moore got for an answer, that the news did not come from the Associated Press, and that barking dogs did not bite any way. Drachman then turned to the crowd and asked them to witness the threat. Poor old Col. Breathett, well meaning, would first come to Drachman and say "You had better take that off, Moore's coming over here and sure is going to kill you," and Drachman would say, "Oh, don't worry about that Colonel, just let him come." The Colonel was sure a busy man that day, making probably a dozen trips back and forth, which proved very unnecessary because Mr. Moore never came. In the meantime Drachman had called his lawyer, Judge Wm. H. Barnes, explained how he had received the news and Judge Barnes advised him he had a perfect right to leave it on the blackboard, and there it remained until late in the afternoon, when Drachman went to the Western Union and arranged for bulletins about the condition of the president. The price was $50, and when he went over to the Cigar Store to notify the crowd, asking whether they wanted it or not, the $50 was put up in about two minutes. Bulletins continued several days until poor President McKinley passed on.

Notes for EDA QUIRE:

Eda Quire -

MARRIAGE: Eda Quire married twice. First, she married a man surnamed Soderberg , by whom she had one son, Richard Soderberg.

The latter was adopted by his mother's second husband, Herbert Drachman , and Richard's name was changed to Richard Drachman .

DEATH: From the Tucson Citizen, a Tucson, Arizona newspaper, dated 8 Mar 1957:

NOTED TUCSON WOMAN DIES OF STROKE

Mrs. Herbert Drachman, 75, who suffered a stroke on Tuesday, died early today in a hospital.

Mrs. Drachman came here from San Francisco, where she had married Mr. Drachman in 1917. Her only brother, Joseph Quire, died last year.

Her only survivor is a son, Dick Drachman (RIN 0730), prominent Tucson insurance broker.

Mrs. Drachman's husband, Herbert Drachman, also a well-known insurance and real estate man here, died in 1937.

Funeral arrangements are pending at Parker-Kerr Mortuary. Christian Science services are tentatively being arranged for

Monday.

The family has requested that flowers be omitted and that instead contributions be sent to the Joint Hospital Drive.

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LONG-TIME RESIDENT DIES

Mrs. Drachman Succumbs at 75

Mrs. Herbert Drachman, 75, of 3122 E. Terra Alta Blvd., a resident of Tucson the last 40 years, died yesterday in a local hospital after a brief illness.

Her husband, a well-known native Tucsonian who was prominent in insurance and real estate, died in 1937.

Mrs. Drachman was born in Colfax, California, and after her marriage in San Francisco in 1917, moved to Tucson with her husband. She was a Christian Science member and belonged to the Garden Club and the Woman's Club.

Sole survivor is a son, Dick, who is also in the insurance and real estate business. Christian

Science services will be held at 2 p.m. Monday at Parker-Kerr Mortuary. The body will be cremated and placed alongside her husband in the family plot in Evergreen Cemetery. The family requests that flowers be omitted and contributions be sent instead to the Joint Hospital Drive.

ii. SOL B. DRACHMAN, b. November 03, 1879, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. March 27, 1908, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA.

Notes for SOL B. DRACHMAN:

Sol B. Drachman -

OCCUPATION: Sol B. Drachman never married and died at an early age. He was in the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War. His name is on the famous Rough Riders monument in the center plaza of Prescott, Arizona.

He died of an illness that other members of the family, other than his immediate family (who were Christian Scientists), thought he could have overcome if he had been allowed to be attended by a physician.

DEATH: From the Arizona Daily Star of Tucson, Arizona, dated 28 Mar 1908

SOL B. DRACHMAN PASSED AWAY AFTER MONTHS OF ILLNESS

Ailment Was Contracted in the Spanish-American War

Was a Member of Roosevelt's Rough Riders-Later Was

Practicing Attorney in Tucson

At 7 o'clock last evening, at the home of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel H. Drachman, 144 South Main Street, and in the presence of the family, the father and mother, sisters, Lucille and Myrtle, and brother, Herbert; Sol B. Drachman passed away quietly after suffering several months from aneurysm, a disease contracted at Tampa, Florida, in 1898 where young Drachman was stationed with a few others of the Rough Riders while the regiment was in Cuba. Later the troops were at Montauk, New York.

Deceased was born in Tucson and was 27 years of age at the time of his death. Several months ago Mr. Drachman left for Denver, accompanied by his mother, who was joined by her daughter, Lucille, late in January. Recently the condition of Mr. Drachman became alarming and ten days ago he returned here with his mother and sister and grew rapidly worse until last evening when death ensued.

Mr. Drachman left Tucson in May, 1898, with the southern Arizona contingent of what formed part of Major A. O. Brodie's troops of 200 Rough Riders. He was one of the very few youngest men in the Arizona battalion that joined Col. Roosevelt's regiment at Tampa.

On his return to Tucson young Drachman began the study of law with leading attorneys. He went to the Ann Arbor law college for two years and about five years ago engaged in the practice of law and with marked success. During last year he became a law partner of attorney A. A. Worsley.

Deceased enjoyed a large acquaintanceship in Tucson and the territory and with health and strength would have won a front place in his chosen profession. A large circle of friends will learn with deep regret of the death of Sol B. Drachman. The time set for the funeral will be announced in the Sunday Star.

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From a Tucson newspaper dated March 19, 1908:

FUNERAL AT 2 O'CLOCK OF SOL B. DRACHMAN

Last Sad Rites of Promising Young Attorney

At 2 o'clock today the funeral of the late Sol B. Drachman will take place from the family residence, 144 South Main street.

Tucson Lodge No. 9, Knights of Pythias, of which deceased was a member, will attend in a body.

The pall-bearers chosen to attend are John B. Wright, representing the Pima County Bar association; John T. Hughes, the Knights of Pythias; Dr. B. Rubens, the Elks; Samuel Falvey, the Masons; Thos. B. Chattman, the Pioneers, and Arthur Ferrin.

It is expected that Spanish war veterans, including those who were in Col. McCord's First Territorial regiment and the Rough Riders, will be represented at the funeral.

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THE LAST SAD RITES CONDUCTED SUNDAY

Funeral of the Late Sol. B. Drachman Was One of Great Impressiveness

Sunday afternoon the funeral services at the home of the late Sol. B. Drachman were conducted by the members of the local Christian Science Society, which included readings, as well as appropriate musical selections. Hundreds of friends of deceased visited the family home on South Main Street and viewed the remains.

The funeral cortege was led by the Saxophone Band as far as Main and Sixth street, where that musical organization withdrew and the lengthy procession of carriages passed on to the new cemetery a few miles north of the city, where final interment took place.

In the procession were forty-five members of Tucson Lodge No. 9, Knights of Pythias, of which body the deceased was a member. A number of the Pioneer Society as well as the Bar Association attended. The funeral was one of the lengthiest seen in Tucson.

The pall bearers were: John B. Wright for the Bar Association; B. Rubens for the Elks; John T. Hughes, Knights of Pythias; Arthur Ferrin and Leo Goldtree, and T. H. Chatman, the Pioneers.

The offerings of flowers, which were arranged in various designs, almost hid the beautiful casket from view and evidenced the warm friendship of the contributors for the young barrister, whose death at the beginning of an active life is sincerely mourned in this community.

=====================================================================

10. iii. LUCILLE DRACHMAN, b. August 12, 1885; d. July 26, 1954.

11. iv. MYRTLE AUGUSTINE DRACHMAN, b. August 28, 1891; d. April 1963.

5. AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN (HARRIS¹) was born May 25, 1839 in Piotrkow, Lodz, Poland, and died September 12, 1908 in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. She married (1) HYMAN GOLDBERG in Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California, son of GOLDBERG.

Notes for HYMAN GOLDBERG:

Hyman Goldberg

LIFE ITINERARY:

Life Itinerary of Hyman Goldberg (RIN 0435) & (MRIN 0160)

1822 ca - 30 Oct 1889

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BIRTH: From an Arizona newspaper, probably a Phoenix paper of about 2 Nov 1889 "Mr. Goldberg (Hyman Goldberg (RIN 0435)) was born in Russian Poland, A.D. 1815." (This does not agree with other information, giving his birth year as 1822).

RESIDENCES: The following data are from file 757-H (Herbert Drachman file) at the Arizona Historical Society in Tucson:

Hyman Goldberg (RIN 0435) left home at an early age, spending some years in Posen, Poland and in Berlin, Germany and in England. About 1844 he reached New York City and engaged in the merchant tailoring business.

He was in Los Angeles in 1845. Then he moved to New Orleans where gold rush excitement found him in 1848-1849.

In company with a band of eager fortune hunters he proceeded through Mexico overland to San Francisco, which he reached in 1849.

He engaged in placer and quartz lode mining in Sacramento, North Fork, Marysville and various other California mining camps. He made several fortunes and was burned out more than once. He resumed mercantile business in Los Angeles and San Bernardino. The latter city was his home and headquarters for 30 years.

He came to Arizona in 1863, joining his Brother, Isaac Goldberg (RIN 0548). In 1868 he drove a herd of cattle to Tucson. For 20 years he operated in Arizona in Florence, La Paz, Ehrenberg, Yuma and Phoenix. He resumed prospecting at one time in Tombstone, also.

From the Tucson Arizonian (a newspaper) of 5 Jun 1869:

"Mr. Hyman Goldberg (RIN 0435), brother of Isaac Goldberg (RIN 0548) of this city, arrived here on Sunday from California. He has a large stock of merchandise now en route for Tucson."

In 1874 he was elected to the lower house of the Territorial Legislature from Yuma. Upon his death in Phoenix in 1889 his remains were sent to San Bernardino for burial.

CENSUS: From the 1870 Census, enumerated in August, 1870: Hyman Goldberg (RIN 0435) was living in Arizona City (Yuma), age 50, occupation, retired merchant.

DEATH: From an Arizona newspaper, probably a Phoenix paper, of about 2 Nov 1889:

HYMAN GOLDBERG'S DEATH

Long Life of Energy and Vicissitude

Peacefully Closed, Amidst

the Grief of Friends

Everywhere

Suddenly and silently, as the sun went down, Hyman Goldberg, aged 74 years, fell asleep last evening in the arms of his younger son, David, who was about to give him the medicine prescribed by his physician. That same afternoon he had expected to rise from his sick bed where he had lain a week or more. But his busy life was done and he simply stopped work forever.

Mr. Goldberg was born in Russian Poland, A.D. 1815. At an early age he left home, spending some years in Posen, Berlin and England. About 45 years ago he reached New York and engaged in the merchant tailoring business. Thence he moved on to New Orleans, where the California excitement of '48 found him. In company with a band of eager fortune seekers he proceeded through Mexico overland to San Francisco, which he reached in '49. a cargo of goods consigned

by steamer there had been carried away and the sturdy adventurer found himself with nothing but a suit of costly broadcloth whereby to begin life again. He applied for laborer's work, but was told so well dressed a man didn't need it. He accordingly exchanged with an Irishman for overalls and jumper and then secured a job.

For a time he engaged in placer and quartz mining and at different times was located in Sacramento, North Fork, Marysville and various other California mining camps. He made several fortunes and was burnt out more than once. In time he resumed the mercantile business and prosecuted the same at Los Angeles and San Bernardino. The latter place has really been his home and headquarters for over 30 years. There his warmest friends survive and their number is great.

In 1868 he took a drove of cattle to Tucson. For twenty years he has operated in Arizona, in Florence, La Paz, Ehrenberg, Yuma and Phoenix. He resumed prospecting at Tombstone, in the early excitement there. During his Yuma life he was once surrounded by Apaches and only released on the promise of store goods.

When these murdering savages called a few days later at the store, he kept his promise and delivered flour and provisions. The Indians became more friendly than the whites. The last time he passed through Yuma they crowded about his car to shake hands. They always dropped in to greet him when passing by this city.

He was always eager for greater success. Once, while mining in Northern California, he and his party left $10 diggings to find something richer. Two hours later, successors to the abandoned claim found there a lump of gold larger than a man's head. Only a few days ago he planned another prospecting trip; calculating to go on foot and pack his own blankets.

In 1874 he was elected to the Legislative lower house, from Yuma, by an overwhelming majority. Although nominally a Democrat, he was in no sense a partisan, being only desirous of doing what was right and best for the general good.

He was an Odd Fellow, Mason, member of the Legion of Honor, and of the I.O. B'nai Brith, in good standing with them all.

The remains were embalmed today by Undertaker Bacon and will be sent tomorrow to San Bernardino for interment.

The family consists of the widow, now at that city; the two sons, Aaron Goldberg (RIN 0437), recently married, and David Goldberg (RIN 0438); and two daughters, Rebecca Goldberg (RIN 0194) and Amelia Goldberg (RIN 0436), wife of Louis Migel (RIN 0441) of San Bernardino.

Few men survive the ups and downs of life in new, wild countries to Hyman Goldberg's age. Not many leave a character so spotless, beloved and respected wherever known.

Children of AUGUSTA DRACHMAN and HYMAN GOLDBERG are:

12. i. AMELIA³ GOLDBERG, b. September 19, 1857, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California, USA; d. March 10, 1937, San Francisco, San Francisco Co, California, USA.

13. ii. AARON GOLDBERG, b. February 26, 1860, San Bernardino, S. Bernardino Co, California, USA; d. July 24, 1933, Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona, USA.

14. iii. DAVID GOLDBERG, b. September 21, 1862, San Bernardino, S. Bernardino Co, California, USA; d. June 22, 1949, Burlingame, San Mateo Co, California, USA.

15. iv. REBECCA GOLDBERG, b. February 27, 1868, San Bernardino, S. Bernardino Co, California, USA; d. March 10, 1954, California, USA.

v. HARRIS MOSES GOLDBERG, b. January 1872; d. October 20, 1872.

6. RACHEL² DRACHMAN (HARRIS¹) was born March 08, 1842 in Piotrkow, Lodz, Poland, and died June 18, 1910 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. She married MICHAEL BRYLAWSKI April 17, 1864 in New York, New York, son of JULIUS BRYLAWSKI and MARIANNA COHEN/COHN.

Notes for RACHEL DRACHMAN:

Rachel Drachman - 0433

Very little personal information is known about Rachel Drachman (RIN 0433). Her gravestone shows years of birth and death only.

Notes for MICHAEL BRYLAWSKI:

Michael Brylawski -

MILITARY: Michael Brylawski enlisted at Abbeville, Abbeville County, South Carolina on 22 Oct 1861 in the South Carolina Rifles. He is listed as absent without leave from May through December, 1862 and after. His military record shows him absent without leave from furlough at Charleston, South Carolina, 1 Mar 1862.

He was in New York City in 1864 and while there married Rachel Drachman (RIN 0433). He returned to Norfolk, Virginia after 1865. He is listed in the 1866 City Directory of Norfolk, Virginia, under the heading "Clothing."

He removed to Philadelphia and became a supervisor in a hat factory. He obtained a patent on making felt.

He was naturalized 25 Sep 1868 by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, Philadelphia, renouncing all allegiance to the King of Prussia.

His occupation is given as "Hatter" in his daughter Jeanette's (she died in 1875) birth certificate.

His gravestone in Mt. Carmel Cemetery in Philadelphia gives years of birth and death only.

He moved to Cameron, North Carolina to go into the turpentine business. His business failed in that venture because trees produced acetic acid. He had been in business with a Rosenswig in Norfolk in 1866.

He is shown in the 1860 census for New York City. as Michael, aged 20, merchant, born in Germany.

He is shown in the 1900 census as having immigrated in 1853.

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(from copies of correspondence in War Department files in Washington, D.C.)

War Department

Washington, D. C.

January 19, 1863

Hon. O. Robert Murray

U.S. Marshall

Your letter of the 17th inst., enclosing bond on which Brylawski, Hecht and Jacobs were

released is rec'd.

Your obt servant,

for L. C. Turner

Judge Advocate

H.L. Olcott

(signature)

- - - - - - -

New York

January 17, 1863

Honorable L.C. Turner

Judge Advocate General

Washington, D.C.

Sir:

I have the honor to report to you that I arrested Michael Brylawski, Colman Hecht and Abram Jacobs on suspicion of having in their possession and trading in goods designed for the Rebellious States. I have released them upon their giving the enclosed bond.

I remain sir

Very respectfully

Your obed't servant

O. Robert Murray

(signature)

U.S. Marshall

Know all men by these presents that we, Michael Brylawski and Henry Fridenberg, both of the City of New York acknowledge themselves held and firmly bound unto the United States of America in the penal sum of one thousand dollars lawful money of the United States of America which payment will and truly to be made we find ourselves, our heirs jointly and severally firmly by these presents sealed with our seals this fifteenth day of January A.D. 1863.

Whereas the said Michael Brylawski has been and is now under arrest on a charge of disloyalty to the United States Government and for having engaged or being about to engage in an illicit and contraband trade with some parts of the Rebellious States with residents and a merchandis to the value of about $300 have been seized as about being used in such illegal and contraband trade. And whereas these facts are denied by the said Brylawski and whereas the United States are willing that this said Michael Brylawski shall be discharged from custody and his goods delivered up upon receving a bond that the said Michael Brylawski shall not be guilty of any rebellious or disloyal acts toward the said government and that the said merchandise shall not be sent to the rebellious states or used for trade with any of the residents or citizens thereof.

Now therefore the conditions of this obligations is such that if the above named Michael Brylawski shall and will duly observe his loyalty to the United States and shall not be guilty of any rebellious or disloyal acts toward the government thereof and will not use or permit the seized merchandise to be used in any illicit or contraband trade with any of the citizens or residents of the rebellious states then this obligation to be void else to be and remain in full force and virtue.

Sealed and delivered in presence of

Michael Brylawski

(signature)

Henry Fridenberg

(signature)

Southern District of New York

Henry Fridenberg, one of the above named obligors being duly sworn says that he resides in the Southern District of New York with the sum of Two Thousand dollars are and above his just debts

Sworn to before me this 15 day of Jan'y, 1863.

Henry Fridenberg

Children of RACHEL DRACHMAN and MICHAEL BRYLAWSKI are:

16. i. REBECCA³ BRYLAWSKI, b. Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA; d. January 29, 1954, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA.

ii. SOLOMON BRYLAWSKI, b. 1865, Norfolk, Virginia, USA; d. April 09, 1881, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA.

Notes for SOLOMON BRYLAWSKI:

Solomon Brylawski

MARRIAGE: Solomon Brylawski died unmarried.

17. iii. EDWARD BRYLAWSKI, b. June 08, 1866, Norfolk, Virginia, USA; d. April 29, 1951, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA.

iv. HARRY BRYLAWSKI, b. July 10, 1869; d. July 16, 1869.

v. SARAH BRYLAWSKI, b. 1870; d. Abt. 1870.

vi. JEANETTE BRYLAWSKI, b. Abt. 1871; d. July 17, 1875.

vii. HARRY BRYLAWSKI, b. August 27, 1873; d. May 16, 1946.

Notes for HARRY BRYLAWSKI:

Harry Brylawski - 0602

MARRIAGE: Harry Brylawski (RIN 0602) died unmarried.

18. viii. DEBORAH OR DELLA BRYLAWSKI, b. July 10, 1875; d. July 07, 1972, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA.

ix. EMMA BRYLAWSKI, b. December 27, 1876, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA; d. December 13, 1970, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA; m. FELIX NAPOLEON GERSON, August 29, 1936, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Notes for EMMA BRYLAWSKI:

Emma Brylawski

CREMATION: Emma Brylawski was cremated and her ashes were interred in Mt. Carmel Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Notes for FELIX NAPOLEON GERSON:

Felix Napoleon Gerson - 0603

NAME: The birth certificate of Felix Napoleon Gerson (RIN 0603) shows name of Napoleon. He adopted the name of Felix.

19. x. JEANETTE BRYLAWSKI, b. March 26, 1879, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA; d. November 11, 1973, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA.

20. xi. BEULAH BRYLAWSKI, b. March 09, 1881, Cameron, Moore Co., North Carolina; d. March 25, 1924, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

7. HARRY ARIZONA³ DRACHMAN (PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born February 03, 1869 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA, and died December 26, 1951 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA. He married FLORENCE EMILIE OGDEN June 03, 1903 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, daughter of JOHN OGDEN and ROSALIE RICE.

Notes for HARRY ARIZONA DRACHMAN:

Harry Arizona Drachman -

Harry went to school through the 3rd grade. He started working at a very young age, beginning at the Zeckendorf or Steinfeld store, in the shoe department.

He was the oldest of the 10 children, and was the most serious of the group. When he was 20 his father died and he became the head of the family, with 9 younger brothers and sisters, ranging in age down to less than 1 year old. To the smaller children he was their `Papa' and became the disciplinarian.

The brothers were men of simple tastes and strong character and were close to their families and to each other.

(Miscellaneous notes from Drachman Family file in Arizona Historical Society.)

A severe explosion took place in Tucson on the evening of the 27th of June, 1881 at 10 minutes to eleven p. m.

(Ed. note by AORD: I can remember my father, Harry, telling us about this explosion. He said his mother got all of the children down on their knees to pray as she thought it was the end of the world.)

A flood took place in Tucson on 26 Jul 1881, a Friday, at nine o'clock in the morning.

On August 14, 1882, a Sunday, at 7 p.m. it commenced to rain and lasted, without letting up, until 8 a.m. the next morning. The whole town of Tucson was nearly washed away.

Harry left school at age 12 to go to work.

Harry worked as a boy for the White House Dry Goods Store, owned by Wolf & Welisch at $3.00 per week.

He left there to deliver papers for the old "Arizona Citizen."

In 1882, at age 13, he began working for L. Zeckendorf & Co. as a cash boy. He worked for them for 13 years, becoming manager of the shoe department.

- - - - - - -

FROM BROGANS TO PUMPS,

42 YEARS OF SHOES TRAMP

THROUGH DRACHMAN'S LIFE

By Gilbert Cosulich

He has sold patent-leather pumps that have glided over the yielding carpets of the governor's mansion and rude brogans that have splashed in the muck of the mines.

For 42 years he has watched Tucson people come and go. He has fitted shoes to the same families for decades, "even unto the fourth generation."

And now--Harry A. Drachman is going out of business.

His store on Congress Street has been more than a mere mart of trade.

It has been a milestone in the business history of the Old Pueblo.

"I have sold shoes to babies and when the girls grew into womanhood and even became grandmothers, they have come back for more," Drachman said yesterday, as he indulged in reminiscences of the good old days of brogans and hobnails.

To Four Generations

"There's the Hughes family, for example. I have sold shoes to Mrs. Sam Hughes; to all of her children, including Mrs. J. Knox Corbett; to Hi S. Corbett, Mrs. Corbett's son, and to Hi Corbett's child--four generations in all.

"I sold Ralph E. Ellinwood, the editor of The Star, his first pair of shoes. I remember seating him on the shelf while the baby shoes were tried on him. I also sold shoes to his father, E. E. Ellinwood, when he first came to Tucson."

Drachman recalled the "California socks" that were worn by the upstanding westerners of the olden days. The "socks" were strips of cloth three yards long and about six or eight inches wide, and were wound around the foot and ankle, before the days of the regulation sock

The veteran shoe merchant is going to donate one pair of those old-fashioned shoes to the Arizona Pioneers Historical Society, of which he is a member. It is a hobnailed "Creedmoor", of the brogan type, of the "Buckingham and Hecht" mountaineer miner's make, of genuine "kip," or calf leather.

"Twenty-five years ago, this Creedmoor was sold as a staple, just as sugar is sold today," Drachman said. "All the miners used them. Now you couldn't give a pair away. It's a curio, and nothing else."

Among the celebrities who have been Drachman's customers were Gen. Nelson A. Miles, Governors Lewis Wolfley, L. C. Hughes, R. E. Sloan, and Joseph H. Kibbey, and the late United States Senator Marcus A. Smith.

Copper-Toed Boots

In the old days, shoes did not come packed in individual cartons for each pair, but in great cases containing 24 pairs each. In fact, the "copper-toed" children's shoes came in 60-pair lots to the case. Boots were shipped in coffin-shaped cases. The coffin shape was adopted because of the fact that the boots were packed in telescope style, the smallest crowded into the next larger, and so on.

A Chinese make of shoes, manufactured in San Francisco, and selling at $1.25 a pair, came packed 200 pairs to the case.

In the early days, railroad men--at least those who belonged to train and engine crews--wore "Congress gaiters" exclusively. These were the venerable "rubber-sided" species of footgear, favored by railroad employees because of their convenience for donning and doffing on short notice, as well as because of the ease of extricating one's self from a "frog" trap if one wore that style of shoe.

Drachman started in the shoe business with L. Zeckendorf and Co., the predecessor of Albert Steinfeld and Co. After remaining with the Zeckendorfs for 13 years, in 1897 he started in business for himself, his first store being on the site now occupied by the Tucson Realty and Trust Company. In 1903 the store was removed to South Scott and Congress Street and in 1917 Drachman moved to his present location, 118 East Congress Street.

The Drachman's store closing-out sale will begin at 9 o'clock this morning and will continue for 10 days. The quarters already have been leased to other parties, Drachman said yesterday, adding that he had not made any definite plans for the future.

(Newspaper article for the "Daily Citizen" for May 11, 1927):

DRACHMAN MADE PIMA ASSESSOR, VICE GRIFFITH

P. R. Lucas Appointed Deputy in Place of Pfeiffer

The appointment of Harry Arizona Drachman to fill the un-expired term of Vic C. Griffith as county assessor was made this morning by the board of supervisors. Mr. Drachman had qualified for the appointment by securing a total of 151 names on his petition asking that he be selected for the vacancy. Griffith's resignation from the office held by him for several successive terms, was accepted by the supervisors yesterday following revelation of alleged irregularities in the conduct of the assessor's office.

Following his appointment, Mr. Drachman announced the promotion of P. R. Lucas to the position of chief deputy assessor, the place formerly filled by John F. Pfeiffer, who was recently dis-charged by Griffith.

Other than this promotion, there will be no changes in the personnel of the assessor's office, Mr. Drachman said. Upon receiving word of the appointment, the new assessor informed the members of his office force that all who wished might continue in their respective positions.

Mr. Drachman, prominent in business and fraternal affairs for many years, has the distinction of being the first white child born in Tucson. He is a member of the noted pioneer family who were closely identified with the development of Tucson in early days, and who are business leaders of the city. Mr. Drachman is high in Masonic circles, having served in official capacities in both the local and state organizations.

The newly appointed assessor was notified by the board that a bond of $20,000 would hereafter be required of the assessor and one of $10,000 of the chief deputy (instead of ?) $5,000, under which amounts Griffith and Pfeiffer are respectively bonded. This raise in the two bonds was required at the first of the present year, prior to which the assessor's bond had been but $5,000 and that of the chief deputy, $2,000.

(Newspaper article from the "Arizona Daily Star" of 11 May 1927)

HARRY A. DRACHMAN TAKES OVER OFFICE

County Board Refuses to Discuss Case Until

Audit is Completed, But Declares Resignation of Official Was Not Asked

Requesting the county board of supervisors to suspend judgment as to his honesty until an opportunity is given him at the proper time and place to show that he should not be held reprehensible, Vic S. Griffith, county assessor, tendered his resignation to the board yesterday afternoon. The resignation was accepted and Harry Arizona Drachman was named to fill the vacancy until a successor has been appointed.

Auditors appointed by the board of supervisors at the request of the Pima county grand jury, have found discrepancies in the accounts of the office it is understood, the nature of which is being kept secret until a final check is completed, George Bedell, chairman of the board of supervisors, said last night.

"The board did not ask for Griffith's resignation, but accepted it when it was proffered and ap- pointed Harry Drachman to act as assessor pro tem. It is likely that he will be appointed to the post if his petition is properly filled out, as he expects it to be some time today.

Audit Incomplete

"The board has no official statement to make at this time. The audit of the county books is not yet complete and until that audit is complete there will be no official statement made regarding the matter," Bedell said.

Griffith stated in his letter of resignation to the board that ten days ago one of the employees in the office was under suspicion and that he immediately effected a change. John Pfeiffer, deputy assessor, was dismissed last Wednesday. At that time Griffith and Pfeiffer both refused to give a statement as to the cause of the change.

The supervisors will choose the successor to the office. Petitions must be filed with the board by the candidate, and must contain not less than 134 names of legal voters of the county. The petitions will be acted upon by the board at once.

The shake-up in the assessor's office comes as a climax to a long series of inquiries, charges and counter charges in county affairs, which, some time ago, were brought to a head by the calling of a grand jury by Judge Gerald Jones.

The first investigation of the grand jury unearthed the manner in which the county court house site was purchased and resulted in legal action on the part of the county now under way to regain the funds used for the purchase. It also brought a scathing denouncement of the activities of the former board of supervisors, declaring that careless business methods on its part were in large part responsible for a resultant loss of money to the county.

The grand jury again went into session after making its partial report and auditors, working under orders of the grand jury, went into the offices of the county courthouse. That was several weeks ago and the auditors are still at work. It is the result of this audit that the board of supervisors will await before making any statement regarding the resignation of the assessor, Bedell said last night.

Griffith, in his letter of resignation, brings up the subject of "deficiencies" in his office for the first time. No other reference has been made by any of those concerned, except rumors about the courthouse and about the city. The members of the board of supervisors absolutely refuse to speak of "deficits" and merely say, "wait until the audit is complete." Griffith, however, while declaring he holds himself responsible for the "action of his employees," makes no further reference to the amount of deficiencies existing, merely asking that "judgment be suspended" until he is permitted to show that he should not be "held reprehensible."

John Pfeiffer, late chief deputy assessor, refused to comment on the Griffith resignation last night, saying he had "no statement to make at this time."

DRACHMAN HITS AT INEQUALITY OF ASSESSMENT

Asks to Be Shown Law That

Grants Special Favor

to Railroads

Railroads are being accorded tax privileges which are denied to the private taxpayers, Harry A. Drachman, county assessor, declared yesterday in commenting upon the statements of Charles Howe, state tax commissioner, who declared that railroad assessments are made upon mileage basis and prorated on that basis to the various counties.

Howe's statement was in response to a query made by Drachman and a charge that school district number one of Pima county was failing to get approximately $12,000 in taxes from the Southern Pacific railroad and the telephone and telegraph companies operating in the district each year.

"I would like to have Mr. Howe point out to me what statute in the state civil code allows corporations exemption from paying the same school district and city taxes as a private taxpayer," Drachman said.

Drachman pointed to the statute 4968 of the civil code of 1913, which specifically states that taxes shall be collected from the railroads for state, county and city purposes. Under the ruling of the tax commission, the railroad cutting a bias through the city of Tucson and school district number one, the Southern Pacific company pays school district taxes to number one only for that part of the railroad which lies in the district outisde of the city limits of Tucson (which is in the center of the district) and pays no school district taxes for that part of the railroad lying inside the city limits of Tucson, Drachman said. A private taxpayer having property in Tucson, however, must pay city, school district, county and state taxes.

It is the contention of the county assessor that Howe failed to explain that part of his query. The assessed valuation of the railroad which was received yesterday from the state tax commission shows at only $248,000 for the south main line of the Southern Pacific, while Vail, without machine shops or other extensive railroad holdings, has railroad property valued at more than $700,000 upon which taxes are collected for the upkeep of the Vail school.

These assessments are arrived at on a basis of mileage within the various districts. The total value of the railroad in the state is divided by the number of miles of trackage in the state, which in the case of the Southern Pacific's south main line is $5,000 a mile. Tucson, although having the largest railroad holdings in the state, has only four and a fraction miles of tracks, while Vail, Pantano and the balance of the county with only bare trackage receive the balance of the $2,010,525 assessed valuation, Drachman says.

E. A. Hughes, state commissioner in Phoenix, in a telephone conversation yesterday afternoon with the Arizona Daily Star, said that he had told Drachman last week that "generally" Drachman's contention was right, but that the law was very specific about the assessments of railroads. In the case of railroads and telegraph companies, the method of assessing is governed by para-graph 4969 of the state civil code which says that assessments shall be prorated among counties on the mileage basis, he said, and wished it understood that he agrees with Charles Howe, the other tax commissioner, in this case.

(Newspaper article from one of the Tucson newspapers, of 2 Sep 1927)

ASSESSOR'S OFFICE EXPENSES

$2000 OVER BUDGET, DECLARES

DRACHMAN, IN CUTTING FORCE.

That the office of the county assessor has been maintained at an excess of nearly $2,000 above the budget authorized for that department in past years, was charged today by Harry A. Drachman, who was selected to fill the unexpired term of Vic Griffith, as assessor. Drachman's statement was made in explanation of why he had dismissed Mrs. Agnes Michaels, one of the

oldest employees of the assessor's office, from the force.

"There is no significance whatever attached to the dismissal of Mrs. Michaels, beyond the fact that the office can be run with a smaller force between now and the first of next year," said Mr. Drachman.

"The wasteful method upon which the office has been run in the past has been an unnecessary expense to the taxpayers, and one that I intend to eliminate."

Drachman said that while the office had occasioned an expense during the past year of $1,990 in excess of the budget, he was confident that he would eventually be able to conduct the office efficiently on a sum far less than the present budget of $18,000.

(Newspaper article from the "Arizona Daily Star" of 3 Sep 1927)

DRACHMAN CUTS ASSESSOR STAFF TO SAVE MONEY

Slack Business Blamed for

Change, Is Word of

Official

Proceeding on a policy of retrenchment in the costs of operating the county assessor's office, Harry Drachman, county assessor, on September 1 dismissed Mrs. Agnes Michaels, who has been a clerk in the office for several years.

Drachman emphasized that there was no significance to be attached to the dismissal, explaining that with slack business from now until January 1, he can easily get along with a greatly reduced office force. All of the employees of the office have been there for several years he said, and with the exception of Mrs. Michaels, all of them can handle several phases of the work. Mrs. Michaels, he explained, had a clerical position doing one job.

Drachman also declared that for many years the assessor's office has been run at a cost of several thousand dollars a year more than the budget allowed, the excess last year being $1990. He declared it was his intention to run the office in such a manner that at the end of the fiscal year he can show a savings to the taxpayers of at least $3000 in the cost of running his office.

A new system of filing and a readjustment of assessments are also being planned. In the latter instance he pointed to some of the property valuations placed on property in the past. One in-stance he showed was where a lot in the southwest portion of the city is being assessed at 100 percent more than a lot of the same size on East Speedway.

Discussing the laying off of Mrs. Michaels, Drachman declared that at this time of the year there was very little business in his office and that he would be in favor of letting some of his employees work for other departments who are rushed at present and hiring outside help, in that manner keeping old employees at work and at the same time saving the county money.

(Editorial page article in the "Arizona Daily Star" for 21 May 1928)

Keep Him in Office

How much the people really care for good government may be determined in the coming primary and general elections, particularly in the contest for county assessor. Harry A. Drachman, appointed a year ago to fill the vacancy when Vic S. Griffith resigned, is to be a candidate to succeed himself, and indications are that he will have a fight on his hands.

Drachman took the office under particularly trying circumstances, Griffith having first discharged his chief deputy and then resigned himself. Later, auditors, working for a grand jury, found the books of the office to be in terrible shape. So Drachman had not only to straighten out the books themselves, but to reassess a large portion of the county. Most of these assessments were upward. It made no difference how friendly landowners may have been, when he found their assessments were below what they should have been he increased them. He found cases of lands valued at $5 an acre which had been sold for as high as $250 an acre, and proceeded to change the assessment.

This made him enemies. He discovered that the Southern Pacific railroad was not paying its fair quota of school taxes and that made more trouble. But he and trouble have not run away from each other and when he met these things he faced them. He will have to face them again in September and, if nominated, in November.

It is not known yet who will oppose him in the primaries, but it should make little difference. Personal popularity or even ability to hold the office should not figure in this case, so long as Drachman is capable, for the people owe it to themselves to elect a man who has done his duty. Failure to re-elect him would be equivalent to saying, "We don't care whether you assess us properly or not."

(Newspaper article from the "Tucson Citizen" for 11 Jun 1928)

H. Drachman Honored by Masons;

To Meet in Flagstaff, Next Year

Election of Harry A. Drachman, Tucson, as Master Builder, of Hiram International, and the selection of Flagstaff, Ariz., as the next convention place were major items of business transacted at the fifth annual conference of the group, just concluded in Lincoln, Nebr. Dr. G. M. Butler, dean of the college of mines at the University of Arizona, was elected Master of Ceremonies.

- - - - - - - -

The local club was represented at the meeting by Dean Butler and George Stracke. Mr. Drachman, who had hoped to attend, was unable to do so because of his urgent duties at this time as county assessor.

The newly elected Hiram International head is first president of the Tucson Hiram club and is fifth of the International Master Builders. He succeeds Al Miller, Phoenix.

(Newspaper article from the "Arizona Daily Star" for 22 Jul 1928)

DRACHMAN SETS COUNTY VALUES

Total Is $79,002,195 With

Ajo Figure Greater

Than Tucson's

Pima County assessed valuation for 1928-1929 is $79,002,195.

The exact figure, already roughly forecast, was announced yesterday by Harry A. Drachman, assessor. For the city of Tucson, proper, the valuation is $29,500,000 and for the Tucson school district, which includes a large amount of contiguous rural territory, it is $31,200,000. Ajo, because of the huge increase in values made upon the New Cornelia (ed. note: copper smelter and associated properties. AORD) property by the state board, will have a larger value than Tucson, the total figure in that city being in excess of $33,000,000.

The total increase for the county is about $5,500,000 of which nearly $3,000,000 is in Ajo. Pima's increase represents nearly half of the entire increase for the entire state.

(Newspaper article, editorial page, of the "Arizona Daily Star" for 27 Oct 1928)

Keep Drachman as Assessor

Harry Arizona Drachman, pioneer Tucsonan, was appointed county assessor at a critical time after that office had been grossly mismanaged over a long period of years.

Drachman rolled up his sleeves and went to work to straighten out a mass of tangled accounts. He found alleged taxpayers who were not paying their taxes because of the leniency of his predecessors; he found other taxpayers were paying too much; he found unfair assessments where one man had a high rate and his next door neighbor with a more desirable location paying a smaller rate.

Drachman went to work with only one aim in view; to give all taxpayers a fair deal, to derive the greatest return in taxes for the county at the smallest burden possible to the community. His has been an unpleasant undertaking. He has made enemies, more enemies than friends, during his work, but he has also won the respect of the community which realizes that he has played no favorites, made no reduction for friends, nor unfair assessments against those who have been outspokenly against him.

Drachman has done his work, done it well and established confidence in the assessor's office. To know that an office is run honestly and justly, to know that taxpayers are not being "let off" from taxes or over-burdened with taxes, and to know that every cent collected goes in the county treasury is worth considerable to Pima county. It is worth so much that the county ought to return Drachman to office and let him continue his good work.

We want the assessor's office run right, and Drachman is the man to do it.

(Newspaper article from the "Arizona Daily Star" for 14 Feb 1930)

DRACHMAN ELECTED GRAND SECRETARY

Douglas, Ariz., Feb. 13.

Amos A. Betts, of Phoenix was elected and installed as grand Master of the Masonic Lodge of Arizona, and Globe was selected as the 1931 convention city at the closing session of the organization's annual meeting here today.

Other officers elected and installed are:

Harry A. Drachman, Tucson, Grand Secretary, - - -

- - - - - - -

(Newspaper article from the "Tucson Daily Citizen" of 13 April 1930)

Cole's Circus and Opening of 

Theater Cause Harry A. Drachman

To Recall Early Show Days Here

Flashy posters of elephants, wild tigers and talk of circus times and the announcement of Cole Brothers' circus showing here Monday brought back memories of early show days in Tucson to Harry A. Drachman, veteran Tucsonian and Pima county tax collector and assessor.

He recalled how Tucsonians were required to take their own chairs to the early Mexican circuses that visited the Old Pueblo before the railroad was built. Yes, the price for sitting on the sunny side of the sawdust arena to view the show in summer time was 25 cents, and 50 cents was asked when the spectator wished to see the show from the shade, recalled Mr. Drachman.

In the winter time, when the Mexican circuses visited the city, the charges were reversed, for 50 cents was charged to sit in the sun and 25 cents for a cool, shady seat. The shows then were most of a "wild west" character, consisting mostly of acrobats and bare-back riders.

First Opera House Built

When the railroad was completed from Tucson to El Paso, Texas, in 1881, the first circus to visit the city by rail was Cole Brothers Circus, Mr. Drachman said. "As I recall that was in September, 1881, but I am not sure of the exact date of the performance," Mr. Drachman said.

About 1880, the first opera house was built on what was called Levin's Park, where the Fairchild Court is now, on Pennington Street, near Alameda Street. The building was built by A. Levin, and was as much an attraction to the people then as the new Fox theatre is at the present. This was the first opera house to be constructed in the Old Pueblo.

A few years later another opera house was built on Sixth avenue across the place where Congress street now runs. The show house was constructed by Tom Fitch, who was known as "the silver-tongued orator," Mr. Drachman said. Mr. Fitch was often busily engaged in speaking for the Republican Party during a political campaign. This building was erected in 1881-1882. A short time after its completion, fire destroyed it.

Others Came

So the third opera house was built in about 1884 by J. Knox Corbett, where the Park View hotel is now located at 159 West Pennington street. The management of the show house was turned over to Billy Reid a few years after its erection. The house was operated for several years by Mr. Reid. The fourth opera house was constructed at the present location at 49 East Congress street during the latter part of the '80s. In all the old show houses performances were given by various road companies, and some of the best actors and actresses that ever trod the boards paid a visit to the Old Pueblo, Mr. Drachman recalled. That is all history now, and the show business has changed as much as everything else.

(Newspaper article in the "Arizona Daily Star" of 6 Jul 1930)

Drachman Tells About Bull Ring

Old-Timer Recalls Day When Bear Fought in Tucson Arena

The lion that failed to kill the bull at Nogales, Fourth of July, reminded County Assessor Harry A. Drachman of a fiesta here many years ago in which a bear did kill a bull.

It was held in the old bull arena on South Meyer near Jackson street where the Model Clothing store now stands. This was long before Fred G. Hughes, old time Tucson gambler, became the father of the anti-public gambling bill that put an end to gambling and, incidentally, to bull fighting.

It was a good fight, Drachman said. He saw it as a child. A wild Sonora bull was pitted against an irate grizzly bear. Both animals were in the prime of life and the fight went to a considerable period before the grizzly delivered the coup de grace.

The old Meyer and Jackson bullring was succeeded by one at Levine park. The last bullring to persist in Tucson, according to Drachman, was one located on South Stone avenue where now stands the Knights of Columbus club house. This ring was closed in the early 90's after Hughes' bill was passed by the territorial legislature.

(Newspaper article from the "Arizona Daily Star" of 31 Jul 1930)

Drachman Cut Commission's Tax Figures, He Declares

County Assessor Explains How He Was Misquoted

and Accuses Andy Bettwy of Failing to Return

to Nogales Meeting to Hear His Answer

County Assessor Harry A. Drachman returned from the state tax conference at Nogales yesterday morning with two complaints:He had been misquoted by the Associated Press in an account of the meeting sent from Nogales the day before and Andrew Bettwy, who had made a challenge in open meeting regarding valuations of city and town lots in Tucson, had failed to return for the afternoon session and allow Drachman to answer him.

The Associated Press report referred to a question answered by Drachman before the state tax commission relating to valuations made by him on city and town lots. The report stated that Drachman said, "In many cases I have raised them."

This was a misquotation, Drachman said yesterday, "The tax commission had taken figures made up by Ehronberg two years ago," the Pima county assessor said. "These were all out of reason and entirely too high. I adjusted them to the figures I thought they should be.

The tax commission, in making its survey this year, did not visit any of the properties, but arbitrarily took a 75 per cent valuation of the values as placed by Ehronberg. These were also too high.

Value Is Low

"In some cases, like Pennington between Stone and Sixth avenues, Ehronberg's figures, made two years ago, are lower than the figures carried in this office. When the commission made a return of 75 per cent of that valuation, it was entirely too low as this property is now very valuable. There are two new buildings on this street, namely the Pioneer hotel and the Montgomery-Ward building.

This property on these lots I raised above that valuation that had been carried by this office. That is the reference I made to city and town lots. The Associated Press report to the contrary. I lowered everything from the tax commission's figures."

Turning to the Bettwy matter, Drachman stated that Bettwy appeared before the tax commission and charged that Drachman had valued the Montgomery-Ward lot and building too low. He stated that his company, the New York Life Insurance company, had made a loan on this property of $110,000 although the assessor had only valued it at $104,000.

"Bettwy promised to come back in the afternoon for his answer," Drachman said, "but he did not appear again."

"The truth of the matter is this," Drachman continued, "I wish to advise Bettwy that when he or the loan committee of the New York Life made a valuation so as to make a loan, they made a valuation on this property of $250,000. This is the custom of the New York Life Insurance company and other loan companies' loan boards. When they desire to make a loan they always report to their companies a very high valuation on the property because they are anxious to get a large loan, and for themselves, a large commission."

This discussion which brought about the misquotation and the challenge from Bettwy came about when the tax commission noted that the abstract of the assessor of Maricopa county showed a raise of about $350,000 in city and town lots whereas Pima county's abstract showed an increase in the same valuations of $1,200,000.

Phoenix's own city valuation shows nearly $30,000 more than that recorded on the Maricopa county abstracts, Drachman said. And it was this discussion that brought forth Drachman's address and later, Bettwy's.

(Newspaper article from the "Tucson Daily Citizen" of 2 Jan 1931)

Harry Drachman To Enter Insurance Business in Tucson

Harry A. Drachman, who has just retired as county assessor, will be connected with a life insurance company, he said today.

Mr. Drachman will open an office in the business district soon. Meanwhile he is conducting his business from his home, East Third Street.

Masonic affairs, in which he is an outstanding leader, will claim a large part of his time, together with executive work at the Scottish Rite Cathedral in connection with the Grand Lodge of Arizona.

(Newspaper article in the "Tucson Daily Citizen" of 28 Mar 1931)

DRACHMAN DEFENDS STAFF

Latch-String Editor:

There have appeared several times in the daily papers of this city statements that the present County Assessor had issued auto license plates for 1931 in a thirty day period where it took the former County Assessor sixty days. The latter statement is false, for at no time during the term of the former Assessor were the license plates in his office sixty days prior to February First, the last day for the issuance of plates without penalties.

In 1927, my first year in the office, the license plates for 1928 reached the office December 23, 1927. In 1928 the plates for 1929 reached the office December 18, 1928, and in 1929 the plates for 1930 reached the office December 10, 1929, and on December 15 we began issuing plates for 1930.

In 1927 and 1928 the plates were issued from a very small room in the old court house, and a great many persons will recollect the trying conditions under which the entire force labored, and the great inconvenience to the public, yet the issuance of the plates was completed on time. The plates for 1930 were issued in the new court house with a force of nine clerks. During these three years the office was at no time kept open in the evenings, nor any extra help employed.

I make this statement in justice to those who were employed in the office at that time, as well as myself.

Very truly yours,

HARRY A. DRACHMAN,

Former County Assessor.

(Newspaper article from a Tucson paper of 11 Nov 1931)

"Old Election Day" Seen By Drachman

For the first time in the history of the city of Tucson, citizens failed to go to the polls this year on the second Monday, Dec. 8, to select city officers, recalled Harry A. Drachman, county assessor and pioneer Tucsonian. This change was due to the new city charter under which city officers are selected.

Tucson was incorporated as a city in 1885, since which time voters have trekked to the polls each second Monday in December and selected a mayor, three councilmen, city recorder, city treasurer, chief of police and city license collector on the even years, and selected three councilmen on the odd years.

(Newspaper article in a Tucson paper of 22 Jun 1932)

HARRY DRACHMAN TO ATTEND FESTIVITIES

Harry A. Drachman, grand secretary of the grand Masonic lodge of Arizona, has received an invitation to attend the 50th anniversary celebration of King Solomon Lodge of the order at Tombstone.

"The lodge was established in Tombstone in 1882," Mr. Drachman said, "during the tumultuous days of the wild and woolly west, when the Earps and others were at the height of their colorful careers."

The lodge obtained its dispensation from the California lodge but later received its charter in 1882 from the Arizona grand lodge.

DRACHMAN SPEAKS ON MASONIC IDEALS

Harry A. Drachman, grand secretary of the Masonic order for Arizona, gave a talk on the principles of the order at the meeting Tuesday of the Hiram club. Harry Embleton was in charge of the program.

Election of officers for the coming six months will be voted upon at the meeting which will be held next Tuesday at the Masonic temple. A nominating committee was appointed and they will report a slate of officers to be selected. J. W. Clarson is the present president of the club.

(Newspaper article from a Tucson paper for 21 Dec 1933)

MYSTERY SOLVED FOR HARRY DRACHMAN

Pioneer Tucsonian Worries Many Months Over

Anonymous Letter; Writer Is Revealed

Harry Arizona Drachman, pioneer citizen and dignitary in the Masonic Grand lodge, got a big surprise yesterday. Last summer he received an anonymous letter and yesterday the writer revealed his identity.

The whole thing started when a reporter interviewed Mr. Drachman about the San Augustin fiesta as it was held years ago. The colorful and graphic story, as related by Drachman, recounted the tales of "big time" gamblers who bet many dollars on the turn of a card; it described the costumes, the "Rawhide band" and the dancers who tripped the light fantastic in the deep dust, for there were no dance floors in the early days. It also depicted the smartly-dressed youths who promenaded at the fiesta; for San Augustin's day many years ago was an occasion as important as Christmas, Easter, or the Fourth of July.

A Tucsonian, who was spending last summer on the coast, happened to receive a copy of the paper and wrote Drachman about it, the anonymous letter, in part, being as follows: "This is from an old friend of yours and when I finish the letter, I will not sign any name. I will leave it to you to guess who it is from. I just read in the Citizen what you wrote about the San Augustin fiesta of years ago.

"What good days they were. I happened to be in Tucson then. I was 10 years old. I used to call on the best-looking girl; took her to the plaza and was one of the promenaders. I am now past 70, but how well I remember those times! You were with L. Zeckendorf--head man in the shoe department. Later you opened a shoe store of your own and I was one of your best customers. Guess again. What you write in the Citizen is all correct. I am familiar with all."

Yesterday, the writer, who returned to Tucson a few days ago, revealed his identity. It was E. G. Moreno, 33 West Eighteenth Street, head clerk of the L. H. Manning company for many years. Moreno recalled yesterday that he had been a resident of the Old Pueblo for 55 years, coming here from Mexico in the spring of 1875. He related that he was a student at the old parochial school when that hall of learning was located on the block now occupied by Monte Mansfield's used-car lot.

The pioneers yesterday enjoyed many laughs over the anonymous letter. The Citizen story said that one Tom Wilson, a famous gambler, did not drink. It was an error, they agreed, and should be corrected. Wilson did not drink while playing cards, especially for high stakes, but he "made up for it when he went to eat." Wilson would order a whole roast fowl and large, full bottle of potent liquor. He was a "T.N.T." man, they concluded.

(Newspaper article from the "Arizona Daily Star" of 5 Apr 1938)

DRACHMAN TELLS ABOUT OLD PESO

The Mexican peso may be in an unenviable position on the money market at this time, but it once enjoyed a value greater than that of the United States dollar, Harry A. Drachman, pioneer Tucsonian, recalled yesterday.

In the early 1870's here, Drachman said, there was a time when one Mexican peso would buy what it took $1.15 U.S. money to buy. Later the dollar gained in value and a short time after 1878 the peso was quoted at 85 cents.

"I can remember going to the store for a dozen eggs," Drachman said, "and if I had a Mexican dollar, that bought the eggs; but if I had a U.S. dollar, I had to add 15 cents to it."

(Newspaper article from a Tucson paper of Jan-Feb, 1939)

Harry A. Drachman, Native Tucsonian, To Be 70 Friday

His middle initial is "A" and his middle name is "Arizona." But it might well be "Tucson," for Harry Arizona Drachman, who will celebrate his 70th birthday Friday, can relate treasured tales of the earliest history of this city and is better qualified than most other living persons. His merit rests upon his revered birth date, Feb. 3, 1869--a time when Tucson had a population of approx-imately 600 persons, a time before the famed Earps and Wyatts opened fire on Tombstone and a time before residents realized the invasion of the white man to his land of sushine.

Looking years younger than he would have you know, Drachman can recall the long past as he points a steady finger at each building now lining downtown streets and tells what was there before.

'Dobe Village Then

"Tucson's business district of early days was on Main and Meyer streets. Adobe buildings lined Congress street up to Sixth avenue, where the Opera house owned by Tom Fitch and which later burned down, obstructed further passage of the street. There, where the Santa Rita hotel is now, was once an old armory fort. Broadway was known as Camp Street, because of its being the site of an army encampment," he says.

"On the corner where Litt's drug store now stands was once the establishment of E. J. Smith, an undertaker. I know, because I used to deliver papers to him every afternoon. Yes, I was a paper carrier in my youth, a carrier for the Tucson Daily Citizen. That was when the Citizen was located on the south side of the block, mid-way between Broadway and Church Street."

A minute's contemplation and he can piece together the remnants of the Old Pueblo as he knew it as a boy 60 years ago. In describing the town and its former composure it is mainly: "There was desert; that place was vacant; that street was never there," painting a picture completely devoid of all for which Tucson is now known.

City Without Floors

Now a thriving metropolis of 45,000 inhabitants, Tucson in Drachman's youth was nothing more than a village of Indians and Mexicans with a few scattered American.

His father, Philip Drachman, came to Tucson in 1863, married in 1868 in New York and returned with his wife by boat, crossing the Isthmus of Panama and continuing on to San Francisco. From there they went to San Diego by boat and made the trip across the desert to Tucson in a buckboard.

"There was not a wooden floor in all Tucson when my mother arrived here," the 70-year old pioneer says. "A carpet was laid on the dirt floor, newspapers placed underneath the carpet as they were accumulated and then after five or six months removed. The carpet was beaten and fresh newspapers were laid."

"We lived in the Hugh Farley house on Alameda Street, across the street and just north of the present site of the city hall."

An interesting experience which stands out in his memory is a trip taken in 1876 to San Bernardino, Calif., by stage. "Just outside Yuma we were caught in a terrific rain and wind storm. The blowing sand made visibility so poor that for fear of losing the trail, we camped for the night."

Drachman explains that the trip usually took five or six days as compared with the short eight- hour drive today. In place of stopping to replenish a drying gas tank, stops were made each 25 miles to pick up fresh horses. And to travel 80 miles in a single day was considered good.

"The worst part was the food," he will tell you with a twinkle in his eye. "The usual menu was beans and bacon, and while it wasn't the best ever eaten, we all grew up and were healthy-- and I'm still here," he adds proudly.

The eldest of 10 children, nine of whom were born here, Drachman's first job was with the White House dry goods store. He carried papers for the Citizen while a school boy, was a clerk for the old Louis Zeckendorf and company, and from 1897 to 1927 operated his own shoe store. At present he is grand secretary of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Arizona, grand recorder of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masons of Arizona and has been deputy supreme council of the state for 12 years. In addition he is a 33rd degree Mason and has for 49 years been past grand councillor of the Knights of Pythias.

When only 25 years old, Drachman was city treasurer and at the age of 29 was county treasurer. He held office as school trustee for one term from 1916-19, was state senator in 1923-24 and was county assessor from 1927-30.

Asked what he'd like to do most now, he replies that if he had the time and if his memory served him, he would like nothing more than to "write a picture" of early Tucson as he knew it. "I'd like to walk down Meyer street and all the old streets. As I go along tell what and who was there, what they did and revive the glorious little adobe village from its entombed past."

(from an article prepared by Harry A. Drachman, about 1948)

EARLY SCHOOL DAYS IN TUCSON

by Harry A. Drachman

I have been asked to make a talk on some recollections of early Tucson and also on Public Schools as I remember them. My school days were short, having left school at the age of 12 to go to work. Between that age and 15, I attended school a few months now and then, so the story of my school experience is rather limited. My first school attendance was in a small room located in the Buckalew Block, on Court Street, opposite where the Governor's Corner is now located. This was the boys' school. My first teacher was Mr. John A. Spring;, a very strict teacher, but a very good one. He came from Switzerland where he was born in the year 1850 and came to Tucson in 1866, and lived here many years. He died in 1928. The desks were so arranged in this small room that the pupils sat with their faces to the wall, the teacher sitting in the center of the room where he could watch us, and see if we were studying. If he thought we were neglecting our studies, a little tap on our backs with a switch, which he always had handy, would call our attention to any negligence.

The girls' school was located in the next block on the opposite side of the street, on the site of the present County Court House. The teachers here were Miss Wakefield, who later married Mr. E. N. Fish, parents of Mrs. Clara Fish Roberts of this city, Mrs. L. C. Hughes, wife of one of our early Territorial Governors and a lady who afterwards became the wife of John Wasson, publish-er of the "Arizona Citizen" in the early days.

These schools did not remain here very long. Funds were raised by the people of Tucson, mainly through the efforts of the women, and with the assistance of Governor A. P. K. Safford, who was a very staunch friend of the American Public Schools, a long adobe building was erected on East Congress Street, the lot was a large one extending from Belknap Street, now Scott Street, to Sixth Avenue, on the site where Jacome's store is now located, and up to Dave Bloom's Store, and ran back nearly to Pennington Street. At that time Congress Street ended on Sixth Avenue. I would say that this building was erected about 1876. It consisted of four long rooms in a single row, and in the center of the building was a small area, on the roof of which was the school bell that rang every school morning announcing school time, and at recess to call us in. Through the center of the lot dividing the lot in two was a high adobe wall separating the girls' playground from the boys' playground. Whenever the girls and boys wanted to flirt with each other a hole was bored through the wall which would enable them to talk with each other and probably make dates, for human nature was no different then than now.

My next school teacher in this new building was Mr. Ignacio Bonillas, who is now 82 years old, living in Nogales, Arizona, and who later on was Ambassador of the Republic of Mexico to the United States. He was about 19 years old when he was a teacher. The seats in this schoolroom, as well as in the other rooms, were made to seat two pupils. They were large and stood high. Prof. W. B. Horton was the Principal and there were two lady teachers. At that time the boys were separated from the girls, the boys having the two rooms in the west end of the building and the girls the rooms in the east end. Our studies consisted of reading, writing, arithmetic, gram-mar, history and geography; no singing, no art.

About 1881 there was a change in the Principal, Prof. Horton having resigned. The school trustees employed Prof. George Chester Hall, who came from Maine, and with him came his wife who also was a teacher. Prof. Hall changed the plan of the school and made it so that the boys and girls were in the same room, the boys seated on one side of the room and the girls on the other side.

Talk about a rumpus raised by the parents of the children! Many parents would not send their children to school where boys and girls were in the same room. My parents felt the same way and we were out of school, I would say two or three months, before our parents would consent to sending us to school. Well, it was not long before everything was serene and the school functioned very well after that. After Prof. Hall came, singing was introduced and our first singing lessons were "The Swannee River" and "Fairy, Fairy Moonlight." Most of the singing was done by the girls, the boys being too bashful to sing in the presence of the girls, which they were not accustomed to having so near. Some of the classes were taught by lady teachers. This also made the boys very squeamish, they never having a lady teacher before. After awhile we all got used to the girls and the lady teachers.

In those days we did not have supervised play, so the children would have to make up their own games, the boys playing catotas, a marble game, and trompos, a game of tops. Baseball games and footraces were popular. The girls, who occupied the other half of the large yard, played hop scotch, rope jumping and had swings.

The only other boys' school in Tucson at that time was the Parochial School, which was located on the corner of Stone Avenue and Ochoa Street where Monte Mansfield now has his used-car lot. There was quite a rivalry between the boys of the Public School, and this school in baseball and footracing. The Public School baseball team usually defeated the Parochial School team, but the Parochial School boys were better footracers. These games took place after school hours and on Saturdays on the Plaza Militar.

The only other school for girls was St. Joseph's Convent located on Camp Street, now named Broadway, at the foot of Convent Street, adjoining the old St. Augustin Church. I believe Con-vent Street derived its name from the Convent being at the foot of it.

The Public School building, having been built of adobes, which were made on the lot on which the school building stood, left a large hole in the back yard on the boys' side. Well this hole was used for fights between the boys who lived in Barrio Libre, meaning Free Zone, a section of the town which was in the southern part, and the boys from Barrio Tonto, meaning Crazy Zone, which was in the northern part of the town. Groups would be formed from each of these sections. Armed with ocotilla sticks we would fight and before we got through we were a pretty well scratched up bunch of boys. This rivalry would last for months and then there would be a truce and peace would be established for awhile. Another fight would be a rock fight and this would be very fierce at times. So this hole made a splendid site for these fights, and they did not stop until after the Board of Trustees had the hole filled up. Of course a certain amount of fighting continued but the fights were not so fierce.

During my attendance in school, there were very few American children. A very large majority of the pupils were Mexicans, which, at that time, made up at least 75 per cent of the population. Our teachers would urge us to speak English to the Mexican children so they would get accustomed to the language, but whenever we did speak English to them they would answer us in Spanish. This made it possible for the American children to learn Spanish and it was in that way that I learned to speak Spanish. Spanish was not taught in the schools at that time.

Around the early 1890's Pima County had not been divided and had within its boundary, 25 school districts, 40 teachers, and the number of pupils enrolled was 1669. In the early part of 1899 Pima County was divided, Santa Cruz County having been established. Today, Pima County has 33 school districts, 570 teachers and an enrollment of 13,564 pupils. The average number of months school was maintained then was 6 months. Today it is 9 months.

There were no particular regulations as to quarantines for contagious diseases, such as measles, diphtheria and chicken pox, except in the case of smallpox, when a yellow flag was hung out of the door of the house. I well remember the smallpox epidemic in the summer of 1877 when my brother Mose was stricken and was not expected to live. He would have died then if it had not been for the fine care which Dr. John C. Handy gave him. He was then about 7 years old. I do not know if any of you have been through a smallpox epidemic. Well, you cannot imagine the horror of it. Funerals went by our home at all times of the day on their way to the cemetery, which was then located at the corner of Alameda Street and Stone Avenue, on the site where the new Western Auto Company's store is now located, and extended almost to where Baum and Adamson's service station is now and then for two blocks west. Old rickety wagons would go by the house carrying four and five coffins. Those who were too poor to hire a wagon had relatives and friends to carry the coffin on their shoulders to the church for services, and from there to the cemetery. There were no undertaker's establishments here in those days. Coffins had to be made when deaths occurred. Elderly persons' coffins would be covered with black silesia; children's and young peoples' with either pink or blue silesia. At this time when my brother was so ill my mother was expecting an addition to the family, and Mose had to be removed from the house we lived in, which was in the Buckalew Block on Alameda Street just north of the present City Hall Park. He was moved around the corner in the same block on Court Street. He, being so sick, was a great worry to my dear mother, for she saw those funerals going by the house and how she came out of it without any serious results I do not know. After the birth of my second sister, Myra, who was born during the epidemic, when my mother was convalescing my father would place a step ladder, two or three times a day, against the adobe fence which separated the large yard of the Buckalew Block and ours, and my mother would climb up this ladder and wave her hand to Mose, who was in a room on the other side of the block, and Mose would wave back through the window. Those were some days, sixty-five years ago, two or three doctors, no nurses, no additional attention like the present time. What would we do today under such conditions? I wonder if we could stand it.

Shortly after I left school, the Board of School Trustees built a two room brick school house on the present site of the Safford School which was across the Plaza Militar. It was named Safford for Governor Safford, whom I mentioned before as being a very staunch friend of the American Public School. At that time, Plaza Militar, at times called Military Plaza, was a large piece of vacant property extending from Camp Street, now called Broadway, to Cushing Street, now called 4th Street, and from Scott Street, to 5th Avenue. The cry that went up from the parents, criticizing the Trustees for building a schoolhouse so far out of town was heard for a long time. There were about three or four houses on the other side of the Miltary Plaza.

There was no sanitary plumbing in those days. At the school our drinking water was kept in ollas on the school ground, and we used a gourd for a common drinking cup. The water used at the school was delivered every morning by Adam Sanders and J. Pie's water wagons. The water was procured from a spring on South Main Street close to the Wishing Shrine. We did not have any water mains at that time.

Going back to school days, in the legislature of 1885 a few friends of education had a bill passed appropriating $25,000 for an institution of learning to be known as the University of Arizona. There is a very interesting story and a true one of how the University of Arizona was located in Tucson. A lawyer by the name of C. C. Stephens, whom I knew very well, having been a chum of his sons, was sent to the Arizona Legislature. During the session a movement was started to remove the Capitol of the Territory from Prescott, where it was then located. A good deal of dickering went on over this movement, and a great deal of political pressure was brought to bear up-on the members of the legislature urging them to locate it in Phoenix. Others were trying to locate it in Tucson. Well, after the smoke of the battle was over Phoenix got the Capitol and Tucson the University of Arizona. It was said by many in Pima County, and in Tucson, that C. C. Stephens had "sold them out." There were indignation meetings held in Tucson and the "Arizona Citizen," now the "Tucson Citizen," had an editorial written by its editor. Mr. G. H. Menlove, the beginning of which read: "It is a dirty bird that befouls its own nest, but the dirtiest of all birds is C. C. Stephens," etc. When Mr. Stephens returned to town he called a mass meeting in a large hall, now the Parkview Hotel, to explain his position and vote on these matters.

I was present at this meeting and stood beside Mr. Menlove and how he did curse and abuse Mr. Stephens. I was not there because I was particularly interested in the location of the Territorial Capitol or the University of Arizona. In fact, at sixteen, I had only a very vague idea of what a university was. I was there because I sensed excitement. The townspeople were so enraged at Stephens that he was not allowed to say anything, the crowd rotten-egged him, hurled tomatoes and other vegetables at him and he was compelled to make his escape out the back way assisted by a very large colored man by the name of Garcia, who he had engaged to guard him. For a long time afterwards he had this bodyguard with him wherever he went. Shortly afterwards he went to California and lived in Oakland, I believe.

At that time no one realized the great value the University of Arizona would be to the City of Tucson. Some saloon men said "What do we want a University here for? Who ever heard of a University Professor buying a drink? "

The appropriation of $25,000 was for a building. This was not sufficient for the purchase of the land on which to erect the building.

In 1887 a site was selected just outside of the city limits, consisting of about forty acres, which was generously donated by three of Tucson's public spirited citizens, E. G. Clifford and W. S. Read, who were interested in the Fashion Saloon and Gambling House, the largest gambling house ever to have been in the Territory of Arizona. The Y.M.C.A. stands on the site today. At that time Tucson was the largest city in the territory.

I wish to say again, as I have said before, the man responsible for the University of Arizona being located in Tucson was C. C. Stephens and some recognition should be given him. Either a bronze plaque should be placed on the Old Main Building, which I hope and trust will never be demolished, but preserved as a historical school building, or some building, or one of the road-ways on the University grounds should be named for him. The same should be done for Messrs. Gifford, Parker and Read.

It was the gamblers and saloon men of the early days of Tucson who assisted by generously giving money which built some of the early churches. I do not mean the tin horn gambler, I refer to the men, many of whom came from the East and from fine and religious families, and were men of high character. They were good men. It was their business that was bad. I well recollect being present when a sermon was delivered by a minister of the Congregational Church some 45 years ago. This minister had sent an invitation to the gambler and saloon men to come to his church on a Sunday night so that he could preach to them. The gamblers and saloon men accepted his invitation. The church was crowded. He was well acquainted with human nature. He spoke of the fine families and homes from which they had come. He delivered a most eloquent sermon and illustrated it by saying "I do not object to you. It is your business that I object to. It is like the bed bug. I do not object to the bed bug. It is the bed bug's business that I object to."

The collection that night was sufficient to pay one month's salary of this minister. This man was one of the most popular of the early Tucson ministers. His church was always filled to capacity. Some of his sermons are still vivid in my mind, due to his clever illustrations. I remember another sermon he preached on the subject "What Ye Seek, Ye Shall Find." This was occasioned by someone criticizing some of the stories in the Bible. He illustrated his subject by saying to the congregation that it reminded him of the carrion crow which flew over beautiful fields of barley and wheat only to pounce down on the rotten carcass of a dead animal, because that was what it was seeking. He ended with "What Ye Seek, Ye Shall Find."

When we were little children we were not allowed to go very far out of town for fear of the Apaches, though I do not recollect that they ever came much closer to town than about where the Evans School is located, which is about 14 miles out to the east of town.

About 1874, the soldiers were removed from the camp, which was then located on the Plaza Militar, where the Santa Rita Hotel is now located, to Ft. Lowell about 7 miles east of Tucson. Though the solders were stationed at Ft. Lowell, whenever the Apaches became restless, and filled themselves up with tizwin, a drink that they made on the reservation from fermented corn, they would leave San Carlos reservation, which was near Globe, Arizona, about 125 miles northwest of here, and come over the Santa Catalina Mountains. They would travel through the foothills, where now are built many beautiful homes, going along the foothills just the other side of Fort Lowell and along the Rincon Mountains down to the San Pedro River, on south into So-nora, Mexico, leaving a trail of blood and disaster after them. The Apaches were a murderous tribe. Brutal was no name for them. We always knew when they were out, because signal fires would be burning on the top of the Santa Catalina Mountains. Every ranch along the way that they travelled was ransacked, the inhabitants murdered, scalped and their bodies mutilated. I well remember the day when they were on the rampage and stole a Mexican child from the Martinez Ranch at the foot of the Rincon Mountains, just a short distance from here. When the news reached the town, a posse of the citizens was made up, led by Mariano G. Samaniego, the Elias brothers, young Pedro Aguirre and others. The posse was organized at the corner of El Camino Real (Main Street) and Calle de la Mesilla (Mesilla Street). They started from there and caught up with the trail of the Apaches near the San Pedro River and caught up with some of the Indians. Young Pedro Aguirre received the child and returned it to its parents. The Indians would steal the stock, using the horses to ride and kill the cattle for food. Mr. Samaniego was very bitter against the Indians, and he had a good reason to be for they killed his brother Bartolo, robbed his wagons, killed all the drivers and drove the mules away with them. It was nothing new in those days to hear of these frightful atrocities of the Apaches, led by such bloodthirsty chiefs as Eskimizin, Geronimo, Natchez, Chatto and others.

Once a group of Papago Indians from the San Xavier Reservation, who were deadly enemies of the Apaches, went out and fought a band of Apaches, routed them and caught one whom they killed and scalped. They brought the scalp to town, placed it on the top of about a ten foot pole and carried it around town, holding dances. Most of their dancing was on the church plaza in front of the old San Agustin Church. We boys would follow them all over town to listen to the beating of the tom toms and their chanting.

Mr. William C. Davis, one of the early pioneers, who afterwards was School Trustee, and for whom the Davis School was named, had a brother come out from the East to look at a ranch in the vicinity of the Rincon Mountains, about twenty-five miles from here, which he was intending to purchase. He never returned. The next day his body was found shot and mutilated by the Apaches.

Could the mountains and valleys speak they would mention the names of hundreds, yes thousands, who disappeared years ago, never to again be heard of, who met their deaths under the agonizing tortures of these savages.

When the terrifying cry "Apaches, Apaches!" was heard it would arouse the settlers to find their homes destroyed, their women and children carried into fearful captivity and who can tell of the deaths, the tortures, the agonies that were endured by these brave pioneers?

The government, in a large way, was to blame for these conditions at that time. The practice of issuing rations of beef, flour, coffee, sugar, beans, salt, clothing and other articles without requiring any return in labor in consideration for the same, only tended to confirm them in habits of idleness.

This talk was delivered over radio station KTUC on the program for the rural schools of Pima County.

(Newspaper article, Arizona Daily Star, February 4, 1949 )

PRIVATE MOVIE PREVIEW WILL CLIMAX DRACHMAN'S BIRTHDAY

A family party this morning at a private preview showing of "Chicken Every Sunday" will climax the 80th birthday celebration of Harry Arizona Drachman, first male white child born in the Arizona Territory.

The book on which the movie is based was written by Rosemary Drachman Taylor, and tells the story of her father, Mose Drachman, brother of Harry Drachman.

The birthday celebration began yesterday, as Drachman's four sons and other relatives met at the Hotel Pioneer for luncheon. The sons are H. Cowan Drachman, Tucson; Allen and Byron Drachman, Chicago; and Oscar Drachman, Atlanta.

Worked at Store

The eldest of 10 children, Drachman's first job was with the White House dry goods store. He later worked at Zeckendorf's, which later became Steinfeld's.

At 25, Drachman was elected city treasurer. Four years later, he became county treasurer. Terms as school trustee, state senator and county assessor followed.

Active in Masons

Now Arizona deputy of the supreme council of the Scottish Rite, Drachman has been Grand Secretary of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Arizona, Grand Recorder of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masons of Arizona and Deputy Supreme Counsel of the State.

He is Past Grand Councillor of the Knights of Pythias.

In Tucson to celebrate his birthday are several of Drachman's grandchildren. Among them are John Cowan Drachman, son of Mr. and Mrs. Byron Drachman; Christina Lynn, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Allen Drachman; and Ann and Dan, children of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Drachman.

(Article from Square and Compass, A Journal of Masonry, Established 1892, Denver, Colorado, April, 1949, Vol. 58, No. 3, page 34.

Through favorable action by the Grand Lodge of Arizona, on a resolution presented by 11 PGMs, Harry A. Drachman, PGM, has become Honorary Grand Secretary Emeritus for life.

The resolution reads:

"Whereas no one in this Grand Jurisdiction has served Masonry as faithfully and successfully as our Most Worshipful Brother Harry Arizona Drachman.

"And, whereas, nothing that this Grand Lodge can do will fully repay its debt to our dearly beloved Brother, but,

"Whereas, we feel that an expression of our gratitude is highly desirable.

"Be it resolved that Most Worshipful Brother Harry Arizona

Drachman be made Honorary Grand Secretary Emeritus for Life, and that he continue to receive the stipend that he is now receiving."

(Newspaper article from a Tucson newspaper, Summer, 1949)

WEST SIXTH MYTH BECOMES REALITY

Harry A. Drachman became a taxicab starter at the S. P. railroad station today when a woman from Mexico arrived to visit relatives on West Sixth Street. The woman could not speak English and Drachman went to the aid of the driver and learned that she wanted to go to 605 West Sixth Street.

"There is no such number in this town, because there is no West Sixth Street," said the taxicab driver.

"The customer is always right, my lad," said Mr. Drachman, and this time it is shown over and over again. There is such a number."

"There is no such number and I cannot deliver my fare," said the driver as he assumed a confident attitude.

"Just let me tell you something, lad. I have lived here all my life. I helped lay out this town, and if you will climb in your seat and drive down to the rear of the Tucson Electric Light and Power Company, you will find West Sixth Street. I ought to know. I am the man who helped stake it out."

"Gracias, senor, mil gracias, gracias!" the woman said to Drachman.

(from a Tucson Sunday newspaper, September 8, 1949)

THE TUCSON STORY -- HOW THE OLD PUEBLO GREW

By Gladys Treinis

(This is the third of a series on the history of the Old Pueblo, as seen through the eyes of long-time residents.--Ed.)

Tucson was not always the city of law and order that it is today. Back in the pioneer days of the Old Pueblo, the citizenry was not always content to wait for the law to take its course.

Such an incident is recalled by Harry A. (Arizona) Drachman.

It was the year 1881, and Harry was only a lad of 12 years.

"A thief, by the name of Casey, was in the county jail," Drachman related. "The jailer at the time was a very popular citizen. His name was Holbrook.

"Walking past Casey's cell, Holbrook was attacked and killed by the desperate prisoner. Casey took the keys and escaped. But he wasn't free for long. The indignant townspeople organized into a mob directed by the prominent businessman, William Zeckendorf.

Zeckendorf owned and operated a department store. Incidentally, when Albert Steinfeld first came to Tucson, he worked in Zeckendorf's store--the store that today bears the name of Albert Steinfeld.

"The mob captured Casey and returned him to the jail. They decided afterwards to lynch him. "Signal for the mob to organize was to be the ringing of the fire bell, located on top of the `acupla'. Standing where the Greyhound bus terminal is now located, the `acupla' was a frame building housing the mayor and other city officials.

"Someone rang the bell too soon. George Hand, later to become one of the most renowned of Tucson pioneers, was then janitor of the courthouse. He heard the bell, guessed what was going on, and locked the east and west doors, leaving only the front door open.

"The mob approached the entrance, and George Hand was waiting for them. . . with the fire department's water hose. The mob did not get Casey. He was subsequently tried and hanged. . legally."

Drachman was born on Alameda street in 1869. Adobe walls still surrounded Tucson. His father came to the Old Pueblo in 1854, one of the first Americans here. The Drachmans had a general merchandise store where the Tucsonia Hotel now stands.

Recalling his school days at the only such institution in Tucson, on Congress Street, Drachman told of Mexicans bringing various kinds of candy to the kids.

"There was the long twisted candy, called melcocha, thick as your thumb, and 10 to 12 inches long. They carried the candy in baskets on their heads.

"The food was practically the same as we have now. Fresh fruits, however, were at a premium. There was no butter because there was no ice with which to preserve it. Some perishables were placed in heavy porous pottery jars, where they could be kept for awhile."

Tucson has changed much since the ice-less days of adobe walls and Indians, but we can still see relics of the far gone days. . . and remember the hardy and courageous pioneers who gave their energy and often their lives for our "Old Pueblo."

(Article, Arizona Daily Star, April 5, 1938)

DRACHMAN TELLS ABOUT OLD PESO

The Mexican peso may be in an unenviable position on the money market at this time, but it once enjoyed a value greater than that of the United States dollar, Harry A. Drachman, pioneer Tucsonan, recalled yesterday.

In the early 1870's here, Drachman said, there was a time when one Mexican peso would buy what it took $1.15 U. S. money to buy.

Later the dollar gained in value and a short time after 1878 the peso was quoted at 85 cents.

"I can remember going to the store for a dozen eggs," Drachman said, "and if I had a Mexican

dollar, that bought the eggs; but if I had a U. S. dollar, I had to add 15 cents to get the eggs."

from the Arizona Daily Star newspaper of 4 Feb 1969

DRACHMAN ANNIVERSARY MARKED IN OLD PUEBLO

Yesterday marked an anniversary for Tucson. A century ago, on February 3, 1869, Harry Arizona Drachman, the oldest of 10 children of Philip and Rosa Drachman, was born in Tucson. He was the first Anglo child born in Tucson.

The site of his birth now is the back part of a parking lot just north of the old city hall. It is marked on a map of that era made by Gus Schneider, and known as the map of Tucson in George O. Hand's day. It was within the original walled presidio of Tucson, an area about 700 feet square.

from a Tucson newspaper, date unknown, probably 1896-1897

An Enterprising Officer Complimented

In the last issue of the Pythian Tribune, which is published in Chicago, we find the following article concerning one of Tucson's most popular young men:

The Tribune is under obligations to that very enterprising Grand Keeper of Records, Harry A. Drachman, for a very neat exhibit of the financial condition of the subordinate lodges of the domain of Arizona. The document is a simple one in its way, but bears evidence that the "Cactus State" has a clerical officer who understands just when and how to keep the brethren of his domain in line. Nothing tends so much to harmony and general satisfaction throughout a domain, than a perfect understanding and knowledge of the condition of affairs, from time to time. The exhibit before us tells the whole story of the financial condition of affairs in the order in Arizona, and can be understood by anybody without being a bookkeeper. Among other items we note that during the year ending December 31, 1896, the twelve lodges in Arizona paid out $3,500 in relief-- all of them have less or more money on hand, and among them they have investments running close up to $10,000--taking the statement altogether, it is a very excellent showing.

from a Tucson newspaper, date unknown, probably 1890's:

"California Socks."

"There was a man in here who had California socks," said Harry Drachman, of the shoe department of L. Zeckendorf & Co.

"California socks," he continued, "are long strips of cloth wound around the foot, instead of the regulation article. They are a fine thing. When one part gets too soiled or worn for the man's foot they can be wound around it in a different place, so the clean places can hit the foot. They call them California socks because the '49ers that couldn't get the other kind, and wore them, if any. Years ago, I saw plenty of them in the store, but they are not so common now, the pair this morning being the first I have seen in a long time."

from a Tucson newspaper, date unknown, probably 1890's

Interesting Items

Harry Drachman, the popular and gentlemanly manager of L. Zeckendorf & Co.'s shoe depart-ment, had a few interesting things to say according to the "Citizen" of Tucson, Arizona, about shoes. First a pair of sevens was shown, ordered expressly for a lady who though she weighs 220 pounds and has a monstrous foot insists upon the peakedest and most pointed of toes and the smallest and highest of heels and is willing to pay a high price for such. Next a gigantic pair of men's fourteen's were exhibited which were for a noted gambler who had patronized the department for several years. They looked as if a man might not only die in them but be buried in one in lieu of a coffin. As a contrast to these a diminutive pair of ladies' button boots was pointed to, which were a fair sample of what the Mexican trade demands. "Oh no," said Harry in response to a query, "those are not for a child they are for a full grown woman. The Mexican women do not average to wear sizes over one or two. Short, plump feet with high insteps, are the rule with them and they are very proud of their feet." The shoes in question were stitched with white thread in conspicuous scroll-work all over the toe and instep.

Children of HARRY DRACHMAN and FLORENCE OGDEN are:

i. HARRY COWAN⁴ DRACHMAN, b. May 01, 1904, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. September 19, 1989, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. (1) GRACE DOROTHY KLIMBACK; m. (2) LOIS DECAMPS, January 23, 1930, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

21. ii. BYRON COLLINS DRACHMAN, b. September 14, 1906, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. December 02, 1992, Juno Beach, Martin Co, Florida, USA.

22. iii. LAWRENCE OSCAR DRACHMAN, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

23. iv. ALLEN OGDEN RICE DRACHMAN, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

24. v. FLORENCE ROSALIE DRACHMAN, b. February 27, 1922, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; d. March 03, 1995, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

8. MOSE³ DRACHMAN (PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born November 16, 1870 in San Francisco, California, USA, and died October 03, 1935 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA. He married ETHEL MORTON EDMUNDS December 16, 1897.

Note for Mose Drachman:

The following biographical sketch was written Feb 28, 1912. The handwritten version is on file at the Office of Arizona Historian, Phoenix, Arizona. His grand-daughter Ann Drachman Tartaul provided this copy:

Name in full: Mose Drachman Born in (town, county, state): San Francisco, California

Date of birth: November 16, 1870

Names of parents, and whatever may be of interest concerning them: Phillip Drachman & Rosa Drachman. Phillip Drachman came to Arizona in 1863. Was member of Arizona legislature in 1867. Member of City Council in Tucson 1876.

Education of subject or sketch: Did not go to school after 10 years of age.

Where lived before coming to Arizona: Came to Arizona as a child.

When came to Arizona and where lived in Arizona: Lived in Tucson.

Occupations: Agent Arbuckle Bros. Coffee for 20 years. Real Estate.

Official positions held: Member Board of Territorial Equalization 1896-1897. 1896-1897-Member Tucson City Council.

Details of life, public services, etc.: Was compelled to go to work at the age of 10 to help support a family. Was cash boy, sold newspapers, sold popcorn & peanuts on race track, was grocery clerk, afterwards cigar clerk, also hardware clerk. In 1892 was appointed agent for Arbuckle Bros, New York. I am still with them. In 1910 engaged in Real Estate business at Tucson. Always active in Chamber of Commerce work. Suggested the present Chamber of Commerce of Tucson and helped organize it, being its first secretary. First to suggest that Tucson take up matter of building railroad, Tucson to Nogales, making Tucson terminus to West Coast of Mexico. Helped in pushing that to a successful end. While on City Council was active in pushing through a great many miles of graded streets, series cement sidewalks, first engine house, etc. etc. Was "cussed" for doing it, but know that time will show I was right. Was in City Council when Ben Henry was removed as Mayor, for abstracting an official document after it had been filed. Always took part in Democratic politics.

Marriage, wife's name, children: Was married in 1897 to Ethel M. Edmunds. Have 3 children, one girl & 2 boys, Rosemary, Phillip & Oliver by name.

Children of MOSE DRACHMAN and ETHEL EDMUNDS are:

i. ROSEMARY⁴ DRACHMAN, b. May 08, 1898, Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. November 07, 1981, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. JOHN WINCHCOMB-TAYLOR.

ii. PHILLIP DRACHMAN, b. December 31, 1901, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA, died October 2, 1991; m. ELIZABETH M. WHITLEDGE, Abt. 1928.

25. iii. OLIVER CLAIBORNE DRACHMAN, b. August 12, 1903, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA., died April 16, 1996

9. EMANUEL³ DRACHMAN (PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born August 01, 1872 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA, and died December 28, 1933 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA. He married AMELIA ROYERS November 03, 1905 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, daughter of JOHN ROYERS and ANTOINETTE MONES.

Children of EMANUEL DRACHMAN and AMELIA ROYERS are:

26. i. ROYERS PHILLIP⁴ DRACHMAN, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

27. ii. FRANK EMANUEL DRACHMAN, b. January 02, 1908, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; d. March 12, 1975, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

28. iii. ALBERT HARRY DRACHMAN, b. February 02, 1913, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona; d. January 01, 1994.

10. LUCILLE³ DRACHMAN (SAMUEL HARRIS², HARRIS¹) was born August 12, 1885, and died July 26, 1954. She married FLOYD COLLINS SHANK February 26, 1918 in San Francisco, San Francisco Co, California.

Notes for FLOYD COLLINS SHANK:

Floyd Collins Shank

6 Jun 1996Page

OCCUPATION: Floyd Collins Shank was a Christian Science Practitioner.

Children of LUCILLE DRACHMAN and FLOYD SHANK are:

i. GLORIA DAWN⁴ SHANK,; m. BERTON LAWRENCE ROSENFELD, February 18, 1961, Carmel, Monterey Co, California.

29. ii. ELLEN DALE SHANK.

11. MYRTLE AUGUSTINE³ DRACHMAN (SAMUEL HARRIS², HARRIS¹) was born August 28, 1891, and died April 1963. She married (1) JACOB BIRNBAUM July 04, 1910 in Oakland, Alameda Co, California. She married (2) DAVID LEE MCCOSKER 1938 in Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California.

Child of MYRTLE DRACHMAN and JACOB BIRNBAUM is:

30. i. JOSEPH⁴ BIRNBAUM.

Children of MYRTLE DRACHMAN and DAVID MCCOSKER are:

ii. HERBERT FLOYD⁴ MCCOSKER, b. October 03, 1918; d. 1948.

Notes for HERBERT FLOYD MCCOSKER:

NAME: Herbert Floyd McCosker selected the surname of his stepfather, McCosker, but was not adopted by his stepfather. Herbert may have been a twin of his brother, Joseph Samuel Birnbaum, who was born 5 Nov 1918, and who also changed his surname to McCosker

31. iii. DAVID MCCOSKER.

iv. JANICE ROSE MCCOSKER m. JAMES NORMAN BARTEL.

Notes for JANICE ROSE MCCOSKER:

Janice Rose McCosker

NAME: Janice Rose McCosker was born with the surname of Birnbaum, being the daughter of Jacob Birnbaum and Jacob's wife Myrtle Augustine Drachman . Her mother married David Lee McCosker after Jacob died. Janice used the surname of her stepfather, although her stepfather never formally adopted Janice.

Notes for JAMES NORMAN BARTEL:

James Norman Bartel -

6 Jun 1996Page

NAME: James Norman Bartel changed his name in 1941 from Adolph Bartel Scheu.

12. AMELIA³ GOLDBERG (AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born September 19, 1857 in Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California, USA, and died March 10, 1937 in San Francisco, San Francisco Co, California, USA. She married LOUIS MIGEL Abt. 1878, son of MIGEL.

Children of AMELIA GOLDBERG and LOUIS MIGEL are:

i. LILLIAN M.⁴ MIGEL, b. September 02, 1879; d. August 30, 1938; m. (1) ISAAC HARRIS, Abt. 1903, Richmond, Contra Costa Co, California; m. (2) JOHN BURNEBERG, Abt. 1921; m. (3) GEORGE KATZ, Abt. 1940.

Notes for JOHN BURNEBERG:

John Burneberg - 0458

MARRIAGE: John Burneberg (RIN 0450), had a daughter, Jane Burneberg (RIN 0459) by a marriage prior to his marriage to Lillian M. Migel (RIN 0442). He and Lillian had no children of their own. He was Lillian's 2nd husband, of a total of 3 husbands.

Notes for GEORGE KATZ:

George Katz - 0457

MARRIAGE: George Katz (RIN 0457) married twice. He married Ruby Migel (RIN 0443) in 1905.

He married Ruby's older sister, Lillian M. Migel (RIN 0442), after Lillian's second husband had died, and after Ruby had died.

ii. RUBY M. MIGEL, b. November 28, 1881; d. Bef. 1940; m. (1) GEORGE KATZ, July 23, 1905; m. (2) JOHN BURNEBERG, 1921.

Notes for GEORGE KATZ:

George Katz - 0457

MARRIAGE: George Katz (RIN 0457) married twice. He married Ruby Migel (RIN 0443) in 1905.

He married Ruby's older sister, Lillian M. Migel (RIN 0442), after Lillian's second husband had died, and after Ruby had died.

Notes for JOHN BURNEBERG:

John Burneberg - 0458

MARRIAGE: John Burneberg (RIN 0450), had a daughter, Jane Burneberg (RIN 0459) by a marriage prior to his marriage to Lillian M. Migel (RIN 0442). He and Lillian had no children of their own. He was Lillian's 2nd husband, of a total of 3 husbands.

32. iii. MYRTLE MIGEL, b. February 05, 1889, San Bernardino, S. Bernardino Co, California, USA; d. November 1969, Milwaukee, Milwaukee Co, Wisconsin, USA.

13. AARON³ GOLDBERG (AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born February 26, 1860 in San Bernardino, S. Bernardino Co, California, USA, and died July 24, 1933 in Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona, USA. He married CARRIE KOHLMAN September 08, 1889 in San Francisco, California.

Children of AARON GOLDBERG and CARRIE KOHLMAN are:

33. i. HAZEL⁴ GOLDBERG, d. August 29, 1935.

34. ii. SELMA GOLDBERG, b. April 27, 1892; d. July 02, 1969, Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona, USA.

35. iii. CHESTER KOHLMAN GOLDBERG, b. April 15, 1899, Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona, USA; d. September 14, 1974, Prescott, Yavapai Co, Arizona, USA.

14. DAVID³ GOLDBERG (AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born September 21, 1862 in San Bernardino, S. Bernardino Co, California, USA, and died June 22, 1949 in Burlingame, San Mateo Co, California, USA. He married ROSA A. SOLOMON March 10, 1896 in El Paso, El Paso Co, Texas.

Notes for DAVID GOLDBERG:

David Goldberg - 0438

MARRIAGE: From a 11 Mar 1896 newspaper clipping in Samuel H. Drachman's (RIN 0335) scrapbook file at Arizona Historical Society in Tucson:

DOUBLE LINKS

A WEDDING IN WHICH ARIZONA PEOPLE ARE PRINCIPALS

The Marriage of the Misses Solomon, at the Vendome, Largely Attended by Residents and Visiting Friends

El Paso has never seen such a brilliant matrimonial event as came off in this city last night at the Vendome Hotel. It was the double wedding of which so much has been said, especially in the Arizona papers. The brides were Miss Evelyn and Miss Rose Solomon (RIN 0446), daughters of Hon. I. E. Solomon,, of Solomonville, Arizona, the first one of whom was wedded to Julius Wetzler, of Holbrook, Arizona, and the latter to David Goldberg, of Phoenix, Arizona. Mr. Solo-mon is well known in the business world, for it was he who built up the flourishing town that bears his name, and who has amassed a fortune by years of steady application to business and untiring enterprise in commercial life. His charming daughters are well known in widely extended social circles, and the family has many friends and relatives in New York, and San Francisco, as well as in other large commercial centers. It is said that fully one thousand invitations were sent out; but as there are no accommodations in the territory for the many guests who were expected, the weddings were solemnized in El Paso.

The local management was entrusted to the capable hands of Adolph Solomon, and that he did his work well was evident by the fact that the entire evening passed off so pleasantly and successfully.

Active preparations were begun at the hotel by Proprietor and Mrs. Howley, in the way of decorations, some days ago, when two bridal chambers were especially fitted up for the ....(missing portions of the newspaper).... of good advice. Mr. Drachman's remarks were happy in their nature, and he was particularly so in his choice of descriptives and, in word portraiture. The administration of the communion was a noted feature of the religious service. Kissing and congratulations immediately followed, and the very pleasant exchange of kisses not only with the bride, but between friends, was indulged in. The latter created considerable merriment.

At 9 o'clock, the second bridal procession was ushered in with the mother of the bride leaning on the arm of David Goldberg, the groom, and the father of the bride with her on his arm behind the bridal procession. Carl Roether taking the place among the ushers occupied by Mr. Goldberg in the first bridal procession. The civil and religious ceremonies were the same as in the first instance, and as felicitously conducted; and the congratulations at the close were as interesting. It seemed to be the consensus of opinion that Adolph Solomon was fully as successful in his osculatory congratulations all around as he had been in the management of the affairs of the evening.

The bride was attired just like her sister, and was very lovely. She has sparkling dark eyes, a peach blow complexion, with dimples, and is vivacious and very entertaining. After the wedding, Mr. Feldmann brought in his camera, and took a flashlight view of the scene and company. Then there was dancing until midnight, one of the popular pieces being the "Honeymoon March," a new composition that has taken well everywhere, and did last night.

At midnight, the muslin curtains were lifted, and three elegantly spread bamquet tables were dis-closed to view. It was 3 a.m. before the banqueters were through, and a royal good time was enjoyed by all. There were several kinds of wine, and the banquet was served in courses. Toasts were responded to by Messrs. Drachman, Kline, Charles Solomon, A. Goldberg, A. Solomon, E. Kohlberg, A. Schutz, and others. In fact, it was well towards morning before the happy party withdrew.

Children of DAVID GOLDBERG and ROSA SOLOMON are:

i. HAROLD⁴ GILBERT, b. December 1896, Burlingame, San Mateo Co, California, USA; m. ETTA.

Notes for HAROLD GILBERT:

Harold Gilbert - 0450

NAME: Harold Gilbert (RIN 0450) was born with the surname of Goldberg, being the son of David Goldberg (RIN 0438) and David's wife, Rosa A. Solomon, (RIN 0446). He changed his surname to Gilbert.

36. ii. RUTH GOLDBERG, b. April 30, 1900.

15. REBECCA³ GOLDBERG (AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born February 27, 1868 in San Bernardino, S. Bernardino Co, California, USA, and died March 10, 1954 in California, USA. She married HUGO AARON ZECKENDORF October 25, 1894 in Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona Terr, USA, son of AARON ZECKENDORF and MATHILDE/TILLIE GOLDSCHMIDT.

Notes for REBECCA GOLDBERG:

Rebecca Goldberg - 0194

PARENTS: The parents of Rebecca Goldberg (RIN 0194) were Hyman Goldberg (RIN 0435) and Augusta Drachman (RIN 0432). Augusta was a sister of Phillip Drachman (RIN 0413).

Notes for HUGO AARON ZECKENDORF:

Hugo Aaron Zeckendorf - 0101

MARRIAGE: Hugo Aaron Zeckendorf (RIN 0101) married Rebecca Goldberg (RIN 0194),

daughter of Hyman Goldberg (RIN 0435) and his wife Augusta Drachman (RIN 0432). Augusta was a sister of Phillip Drachman (RIN 0413).

Children of REBECCA GOLDBERG and HUGO ZECKENDORF are:

i. JEANNE⁴ ZECKENDORF, b. August 17, 1895, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. Aft. 1930, Mexico, Mexico.

Notes for JEANNE ZECKENDORF:

Jeanne Zeckendorf - 0195

MARRIAGE: Jeanne Zeckendorf (RIN 0195) died unmarried.

ii. HORTENSE ZECKENDORF, b. September 17, 1898, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA; d. Bef. 1930, San Francisco, California, USA.

Notes for HORTENSE ZECKENDORF:

Hortense Zeckendorf - 0196

3 Jun 1996Page

MARRIAGE: Hortense Zeckendorf (RIN 0196) died unmarried.

iii. ADELE ZECKENDORF, b. December 18, 1899, San Francisco, California, USA; d. January 23, 1921, San Francisco, California, USA.

Notes for ADELE ZECKENDORF:

Hortense Zeckendorf - 0197

MARRIAGE: Hortense Zeckendorf (RIN 0196) died unmarried.

16. REBECCA³ BRYLAWSKI (RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born in Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA, and died January 29, 1954 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA. She married VICTOR JACQUES GOETZ November 29, 1899 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, son of BERNARD GOETZ and HANNAH ROSENTHAL.

Notes for VICTOR JACQUES GOETZ:

Victor Jacques Goetz

5 Jun 1996Page

OCCUPATIONS: Victor Jacques Goetz was a heating, ventilating and refrigeration engineer who had studied at Cooper Union University. He formed Goetz and Company and was a Brunswick distributor. He installed all the refrigeration equipment in the Horn and Hardart Automats in New York City and Philadelphia.

Children of REBECCA BRYLAWSKI and VICTOR GOETZ are:

37. i. EMILY BRYLAWSKI⁴ GOETZ, b. June 04, 1902.

38. ii. MICHAEL BERNARD GOETZ, b. July 25, 1903.

17. EDWARD³ BRYLAWSKI (RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born June 08, 1866 in Norfolk, Virginia, USA, and died April 29, 1951 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA. He married HORTENSE MENDELSSOHN June 01, 1905 in New York, New York, daughter of LEWIS MENDELSSOHN and FANNY BEHAL.

Notes for EDWARD BRYLAWSKI:

Edward Brylawski

OCCUPATION: Edward Brylawski was a stockbroker, and a member of the Board of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. He was originally a telegrapher. He was the founder of a Philadelphia Maternity Hospital and its president in 1909.

Children of EDWARD BRYLAWSKI and HORTENSE MENDELSSOHN are:

39. i. EDWARD LEWIS⁴ BRYLAWSKI, b. April 21, 1906, Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia, USA., died July 28, 1990

40. ii. RUTH BRYLAWSKI.

41. iii. JEANNE BRYLAWSKI

42. iv. MICHAEL BRYLAWSKI.

18. DEBORAH OR DELLA³ BRYLAWSKI (RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born July 10, 1875, and died July 07, 1972 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA. She married NATHAN LEVY April 16, 1901 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, son of ISAAC LEVY and BESSIE.

Notes for NATHAN LEVY:

Nathan Levy - 0605

OCCUPATION: Nathan Levy (RIN 0605) was in the cravat business.

Child of DEBORAH BRYLAWSKI and NATHAN LEVY is:

i. ELIZABETH⁴ LEVY, b. March 28, 1903; m. (1) ROY TITUS; m. (2) FREDERICK DANIEL ETTLESON, February 23, 1923.

Notes for ROY TITUS:

Roy Titus

CHILD: Roy Titus was the son of Helena Rubinstein, the famous cosmetician.

Notes for FREDERICK DANIEL ETTLESON:

Frederick Daniel Ettleson

NAME: The surname of Frederick Daniel Ettleson was sometimes spelled Eddleson.

19. JEANETTE³ BRYLAWSKI (RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born March 26, 1879 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA, and died November 11, 1973 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA. She married LOUIS BLOCH April 09, 1902 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, son of IGNATZ BLOCH and EVA LOWENSTEIN.

Notes for JEANETTE BRYLAWSKI:

Jeannette Brylawski - 0452

BIRTH: Jeannette Brylawski (RIN 0452) was born at 1338 North 7th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

EDUCATION: Jeannette Brylawski (RIN 0452) graduated from Girl's High School and the Philadelphia Normal School.

Notes for LOUIS BLOCH:

Louis Bloch -

BIRTH: Louis Bloch was born at 903-1/2 South Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. His birth date on his gravestone is

given as 1875, in error. He was born 22 Nov 1874.

OCCUPATION: He started work at S.S. Kind & Son, Jewelers, in 1888 and worked 65 years for that one firm. He was a

vice-president of the firm.

Child of JEANETTE BRYLAWSKI and LOUIS BLOCH is:

43. i. JULIA⁴ BLOCH, b. December 03, 1903.

20. BEULAH³ BRYLAWSKI (RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born March 09, 1881 in Cameron, Moore Co., North Carolina, and died March 25, 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She married DAVID WERNER AMRAM June 01, 1899, son of WERNER AMRAM and ESTHER.

Notes for DAVID WERNER AMRAM:

David Werner Amram - 0455

OCCUPATIONS: David Werner Amram (RIN 0455) was educated at Rugby Academy and at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, from which he graduated in 1887. He was on the Law Review and taught practice courts at Pennsylavania. He lectured at other law schools, including some in Canada. He was the author of "Leading Cases in the Bible" and others. He was a referee in bankruptcy.

Children of BEULAH BRYLAWSKI and DAVID AMRAM are:

44. i. PHILIP WERNER⁴ AMRAM, b. March 14, 1900.

45. ii. DAVID WERNER AMRAM, b. April 24, 1901.

iii. ELINOR BEULAH AMRAM, b. February 15, 1906; m. MILTON CHARLES NAHM, April 03, 1933, Feasterville, Bucks Co., Pennsylvania.

Notes for ELINOR BEULAH AMRAM:

Elinor Beulah Amram - 0624

EDUCATION: Elinor Beulah Amram (RIN 0624) graduated from Bryn Mawr University in 1928.

OCCUPATION: Elinor Beulah Amran (RIN 0624) was a translator of Italian poetry. She also published articles in the Atlantic

Monthly, Yale Review and other publications.

Notes for MILTON CHARLES NAHM:

Milton Charles Nahm

EDUCATION: Milton Charles Nahm obtained a Bachelor of Arts Degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1925, an M.A. in 1926, and a Ph.D. in 1932. He was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University, 1926-1929.

OCCUPATION: Milton Charles Nahm taught Philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania in 1929-1930. He was a professor at Bryn Mawr for 42 years.

21. BYRON COLLINS⁴ DRACHMAN (HARRY ARIZONA³, PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born September 14, 1906 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA, and died December 02, 1992 in Juno Beach, Martin Co, Florida, USA. He married (1) WINIFRED LOUISE FERRIS December 22, 1930 in La Grange, Cook Co, Illinois, daughter of MARION FERRIS and ETHEL WILLIAMS. He married (2) RUTH BANKSON November 17, 1945 in Chicago, Cook Co, Illinois.

Children of BYRON DRACHMAN and WINIFRED FERRIS are:

i. JUDITH⁵ DRACHMAN, b. Chicago, Cook Co, Illinois; m. GERALD DAVID WILLIAMS, July 03, 1955, La Grange, Cook Co, Illinois.

ii. ALLEN FERRIS DRACHMAN, b. Chicago, Cook Co, Illinois; m. (1) ABBIE ZEYNEEB BURBANK, December 16, 1965, Lima, Peru; m. (2) LOVELLE MARIE OBERHOLZER, December 04, 1986, Reno, Washoe Co, Nevada, USA; m. (3) DOROTHY, October 26, 1996.

iii. BYRON COLLINS DRACHMAN, Chicago, Cook Co, Illinois; m. VALERIE NEVILLE, July 30, 1960, Villa Park, Du Page Co, Illinois.

Children of BYRON DRACHMAN and RUTH BANKSON are:

iv. JOHN COWAN⁵ DRACHMAN, Chicago, Cook Co, Illinois; m. MIRIAM SCHOEM, March 21, 1988.

v. TODD BANKSON DRACHMAN, b. Chicago, Cook Co, Illinois; m. VIVIAN LEIGH, December 20, 1981.

22. LAWRENCE OSCAR⁴ DRACHMAN (HARRY ARIZONA³, PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA. He married (1) MARA STEWART October 08, 1938 in Lake Charles, Calcasieu Par, Louisiana, USA. He married (2) JOYCE ROBINSON TOUCHTON 1965 in Atlanta, Fulton Co, Georgia.

Child of LAWRENCE DRACHMAN and MARA STEWART is:

i. DANIEL OGDEN⁵ DRACHMAN, b. Atlanta, Fulton Co, Georgia; m. GRETCHEN ANN FLAHERTY, August 06, 1966, Atlanta, Fulton Co, Georgia, USA.

23. ALLEN OGDEN RICE⁴ DRACHMAN (HARRY ARIZONA³, PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA. He married WILHELMENA FAYE QUICK June 12, 1943 in Ft. Bliss, El Paso, Texas, USA, daughter of WILLIAM QUICK and GERTRUDE MILLER.

Children of ALLEN DRACHMAN and WILHELMENA QUICK are:

i. CHRISTINA LYNN⁵ DRACHMAN, b. Chicago, Cook Co, Illinois; m. THOMAS WAYNE HUNT, September 27, 1969, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California.

ii. DAVID ALLEN DRACHMAN, b. Chicago, Cook Co, Illinois; m. DOLORES MARIA ALANIZ, August 03, 1985, Long Grove, Lake Co, Illinois, USA.

24. FLORENCE ROSALIE⁴ DRACHMAN (HARRY ARIZONA³, PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born February 27, 1922 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA, and died March 03, 1995 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA. She married RICHARD AVERY December 30, 1942 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, son of JAMES AVERY and LELA BARKER.

Children of FLORENCE DRACHMAN and RICHARD AVERY are:

i. DONNA LOUISE⁵ AVERY, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. (1) MANUEL LUIS DOMINGUEZ, May 31, 1964, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. (2) WALTER GERALD FOSSMAN, March 27, 1965, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. (3) RICHARD LEE DEAVER, March 14, 1970, Winkelman, Gila Co, Arizona, USA.

Notes for MANUEL LUIS DOMINGUEZ:

Manuel Luis Dominquez -

MARRIAGE: Manuel Luis Dominguez and Donna Louise Avery were married on 31 May 1964.

DIVORCED: Manuel Luis Dominguez and Donna Louise Avery were divorced in Tucson, Pima County, Arizona in October, 1964.

ii. HARRY RICHARD AVERY, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona; m. CLAUDIA MAY NOBLE.

iii. LAURENS OGDEN AVERY, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona; m. JUANA RIOS.

25. OLIVER CLAIBORNE⁴ DRACHMAN (MOSE³, PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born August 12, 1903 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona Terr, USA. He married ALICE WEST August 08, 1925.

Children of OLIVER DRACHMAN and ALICE WEST are:

i. JAMES WEST⁵ DRACHMAN, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. (1) BETTY JOE CASTELAN; m. (2) DANA MOORE, Abt. 1983.

ii. ANNE DRACHMAN, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona; m. (1) LESTER COHEN, Bef. 1957; m. (2) ROBERT TARTAUL, June 1967.

26. ROYERS PHILLIP⁴ DRACHMAN (EMANUEL³, PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA. He married (1) GRACE NOBLE February 10, 1927 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA, daughter of JOHN NOBLE and ANNA. He married (2) PHYLLIS BERRIDGE May 29, 1957 in New York City, New York, USA. He married (3) SALLY SPAID ADAMSON March 16, 1978 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

Children of ROYERS DRACHMAN and GRACE NOBLE are:

i. MILIANA⁵ DRACHMAN, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. (1) MEL ROSENBLUM; m. (2) GERALD KELLY.

ii. ROYERS EMANUEL DRACHMAN, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA; m. (1) VALERIE ARNOLD; m. (2) LORRAINE MARIAN MCCOLLUM, April 02, 1952, Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA.

27. FRANK EMANUEL⁴ DRACHMAN (EMANUEL³, PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born January 02, 1908 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA, and died March 12, 1975 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, USA. He married ISABELLE BAPTIST June 01, 1929 in Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona.

Children of FRANK DRACHMAN and ISABELLE BAPTIST are:

i. FRANK EMANUEL⁵ DRACHMAN, b. Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona; m. JOAN HIESTAND, December 12, 1953, Washington, D. C..

ii. CRAIG BAPTIST DRACHMAN, b. Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona; m. HELEN VINCENT HUTCHINSON, August 28, 1954.

28. ALBERT HARRY⁴ DRACHMAN (EMANUEL³, PHILIP², HARRIS¹) was born February 02, 1913 in Tucson, Pima Co, Arizona, and died January 01, 1994. He married (1) BERNICE FLETCHER HUMPHREYS. He married (2) HELENE SMITH August 08, 1937.

Children of ALBERT DRACHMAN and HELENE SMITH are:

i. JOY JEANNE⁵ DRACHMAN, m. (1) STEPHEN CAMP; m. (2) CHARLES OLEKSA; m. (3) JERRY CHILDRESS.

ii. PHILLIP DRACHMAN, m. (1) SOFIE FREDERICK; m. (2) KATHY SPEICH, September 23, 1992.

29. ELLEN DALE⁴ SHANK (LUCILLE³ DRACHMAN, SAMUEL HARRIS², HARRIS¹). She married CLEM WETZELL COLLINS December 15, 1945 in San Francisco, San Francisco Co, California.

Children of ELLEN SHANK and CLEM COLLINS are:

i. KEITH⁵ COLLINS,; m. KATHRYN GRANT, February 18, 1973, Boston, Suffolk Co, Massachusetts.

ii. RONALD COLLINS, m. SUSAN HATFIELD, September 29, 1979, Boston, Suffolk Co, Massachusetts.

iii. PAUL COLLINS.

30. JOSEPH⁴ BIRNBAUM (MYRTLE AUGUSTINE³ DRACHMAN, SAMUEL HARRIS², HARRIS¹) was born He married ELIZABETH ELEANOR HOYT.

Children of JOSEPH BIRNBAUM and ELIZABETH HOYT are:

i. JANICE⁵ BIRNBAUM

ii. DUNCAN BIRNBAUM

iii. JOHN BIRNBAUM

31. DAVID⁴ MCCOSKER (MYRTLE AUGUSTINE³ DRACHMAN, SAMUEL HARRIS², HARRIS¹). He married PATRICIA BALLINGER June 1952 in Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co, California.

Notes for DAVID MCCOSKER:

David McCosker

NAME: David McCosker was born with the surname of Birnbaum, being the son of Jacob Birnbaum and Jacob's wife, Myrtle

Augustine Drachman. His mother married David Lee McCosker, after her husband died. David used the surname of his stepfather, although his stepfather never formally adopted him. He may have been a twin of his brother Herbert Floyd McCosker.

Children of DAVID MCCOSKER and PATRICIA BALLINGER are:

CRAIG SCOTT⁵ MCCOSKER

DAVID BRENT MCCOSKER.

32. MYRTLE⁴ MIGEL (AMELIA³ GOLDBERG, AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born February 05, 1889 in San Bernardino, S. Bernardino Co, California, USA, and died November 1969 in Milwaukee, Milwaukee Co, Wisconsin, USA. She married LOUIS LEVY November 16, 1913 in Milwaukee, Milwaukee Co, Wisconsin.

Children of MYRTLE MIGEL and LOUIS LEVY are:

i. ANNE⁵ LEVY, b. February 04, 1915; d. March 01, 1975; m. PHILIP LERMAN, March 23, 1944, Madison, Dane Co, Wisconsin.

ii. PATSY LEVY, m. 1938; m. (2) NATHAN PINKUS, 1938.

33. HAZEL⁴ GOLDBERG (AARON³, AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) died August 29, 1935. She married JOSEPH MELCZER February 14, 1912 in Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona.

Children of HAZEL GOLDBERG and JOSEPH MELCZER are:

i. JOSEPH⁵ MELCZER, Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona; m. MAUREEN FERREL, September 09, 1947, Great Neck, Nassau Co, New York.

ii. LOUIS MELCZER, m. BEVERLY GIBSON.

iii. CHARLES MELCZER, m. MARGARET PLUMB, June 27, 1945.

iv. CAROLYN MELCZER, m. RALPH DIAMOND, February 14, 1947, Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona.

34. SELMA⁴ GOLDBERG (AARON³, AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born April 27, 1892, and died July 02, 1969 in Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona, USA. She married ALBERT ROSENBERG September 11, 1917 in Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona.

Notes for SELMA GOLDBERG:

Selma Goldberg - 0448

ADOPTION: Selma Goldberg (RIN 0448) and her husband, Albert Rosenberg (RIN 0473), had no natural children. They adopted a daughter, and named her Barbara Rosenberg (RIN 0474).

Notes for ALBERT ROSENBERG:

Albert Rosenberg - 0473

ADOPTION: Albert Rosenberg (RIN 0473) and his wife, Selma Goldberg (RIN 0448), had no natural children.

They adopted a daughter and named her Barbara Rosenberg (RIN 0474).

Child of SELMA GOLDBERG and ALBERT ROSENBERG is:

i. BARBARA⁵ ROSENBERG, m. WILLIAM HINKLEY, November 03, 1951, Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona.

Notes for BARBARA ROSENBERG:

Barbara Rosenberg - 0474

ADOPTION: Barbara Rosenberg (RIN 0474) was adopted by Albert Rosenberg (RIN 0473) and his wife, Selma Goldberg (RIN 0448). They had no natural children.

35. CHESTER KOHLMAN⁴ GOLDBERG (AARON³, AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born April 15, 1899 in Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona, USA, and died September 14, 1974 in Prescott, Yavapai Co, Arizona, USA. He married (1) GERTRUDE BUNTMAN February 25, 1923. He married (2) ELIZABETH BRODOW October 24, 1964. He married (3) MARYLEE M. DAVIS RAUSCH March 08, 1968.

Child of CHESTER GOLDBERG and GERTRUDE BUNTMAN is:

i. CHESTER⁵ GOLDBERG, b. Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona, USA; m. (1) LOUISE KEITH, June 01, 1949, Las Vegas, Clark Co, Nevada; m. (2) ANN DHU STALLCUP, March 25, 1964, Phoenix, Maricopa Co, Arizona.

36. RUTH⁴ GOLDBERG (DAVID³, AUGUSTA² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born April 30, 1900. She married SANFORD MOOSE February 01, 1921.

Child of RUTH GOLDBERG and SANFORD MOOSE is:

i. WARREN⁵ MOOSE.

Notes for WARREN MOOSE:

Warren Moose - 0481

CHILD: Warren Moose (RIN 0481) married and had one child. His address in 1981 was 5528 Remington Avenue, Fresno, California, 93704.

37. EMILY BRYLAWSKI⁴ GOETZ (REBECCA³ BRYLAWSKI, RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born June 04, 1902. She married CHARLES VICTOR LINSHAW March 17, 1930 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, son of JOSEPH LINSHAW.

Children of EMILY GOETZ and CHARLES LINSHAW are:

i. JACK GOETZ⁵ LINSHAW, b. Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA; m. KAREN LE DUC, July 23, 1978, Milford, Pike Co., Pennsylvania.

Notes for JACK GOETZ LINSHAW:

Jack Goetz Linshaw

RESIDENCE: Jack Goetz Linshaw was living in Milford, Pike County, Pennsylvania, USA, in October 1986.

ii. MICHAEL ABRAM LINSHAW, b. Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co, Pennsylvania, USA; m. DIANE DRUSIN, May 26, 1974, Briarcliff, Westchester Co., New York.

Notes for MICHAEL ABRAM LINSHAW:

Michael Abram Linshaw, Dr.

RESIDENCE: Dr. Michael Abram Linshaw was living in Hartford, Hartford County, Connecticut, USA, in 1986.

38. MICHAEL BERNARD⁴ GOETZ (REBECCA³ BRYLAWSKI, RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born July 25, 1903 in New Jersey, died March 11, 1994 in New Jersey. He married (1) KATHERINE NEUMAN May 30, 1925. He married (2) MINNA CAROF October 15, 1945.

Notes for MICHAEL BERNARD GOETZ:

Michael Bernard Goetz - 0574

DIVORCE: Michael Bernard Goetz (RIN 0574) was divorced from his first wife, Katherine Neuman (RIN 0816) on 8 Feb 1944.

MARRIAGE: Michael Bernard Goetz (RIN 0574), after divorce from his first wife, married Minna Carof (RIN 0817).

Notes for KATHERINE NEUMAN:

Katherine Neuman -

MARRIAGE: Katherine Neuman married a second time Henry Perelman, . They had a son David M. Perelman. Katherine was divorced from her first husband Michael Bernard Goetz on 8 Feb 1944.

Children of MICHAEL GOETZ and KATHERINE NEUMAN are:

i. VICTOR JACQUES⁵ GOETZ m. (1) MYRA MARTHA GAMBURG, January 31, 1954, Hatboro, Montgomery Co, Pennsylvania; m. (2) JERI AMES, February 14, 1975; m. (3) GEORGIA M. KEARNS, August 24, 1980, Parsippany, Morris Co., New Jersey.

Notes for VICTOR JACQUES GOETZ:

Victor Jacques Goetz II

MARRIAGE: Victor Jacques Goetz II was married three times:

1st to Myra Martha Gamburg on 31 Jan 1954. They were divorced 18 Apr 1972. During his first marriage he and Myra adopted two daughters, Judith Suzanne Goetz; and Victoria Anne Goetz.

2nd to Jeri Ames on 14 Feb 1974. They were divorced in July, 1979.

3rd to Georgia M. Kearns on 24 Apr 1980 at Parsippany, Morris County, New Jersey. Georgia had previously married a Mr. Cicerchi by whom she had three children:

Dr. Michael Cicerchi

Renee Cicerchi (RIN 0884), who married Kevin Sperl

Alison Cicerchi

OCCUPATION: Victor Jacques Goetz II is a registered Professional Engineer who has over 35 years (as of 1986) of diversified industrial experience as a consultant and lecturer, and in manufacturing, quality, and engineering management positions.

These activities have been for a wide variety of consumer products, pharmaceutical, medical devices, packaging, plastics, chemicals, aerospace, automotive, aircraft, electronics, and military weapon manufacturing, service and distribution

organizations. He is responsible for developing, promoting and implementing innovative productivity, quality improvement and cost reduction programs, with emphasis on Just-in-Time and Total Quality Control.

He was Manager, Quality Innovation, at Warner-Lambert, where he was responsible for providing productivity and quality consulting, auditing, and training services for their worldwide facilities.

A leading authority on JIT, Victor has presented papers on Just-in-Time and Quality Assurance at numerous U.S. and international conferences.

He has done consulting work in over 20 foreign countries.

Notes for GEORGIA M. KEARNS:

Georgia M. Kearns

MARRIAGE: Georgia M. Kearns married twice:

1st she married a Mr. Cicerchi, and they had three children:

Dr. Michael Cicerchi

Renee Cicerchi , who married Kevin Sperl

Alison Cicerchi

2nd she married Victor Jacques Goetz II, who had been married

twice before.

ii. MICHAEL SIDNEY GOETZ, m. HELEN JACOBS, June 17, 1956.

Notes for HELEN JACOBS:

Helen Jacobs

MARRIAGE: Helen Jacobs, married her third cousin, Michael Sidney Goetz.

39. EDWARD LEWIS⁴ BRYLAWSKI (EDWARD³, RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born April 21, 1906 in Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. He married HELENE GUTLOHN November 27, 1933, daughter of ROSE.

Notes for EDWARD LEWIS BRYLAWSKI:

Edward Lewis Brylawski - 0597

BIRTH: Edward Lewis Brylawski (RIN 0597) was mistakenly listed in the Norfolk, Virginia birth records as `Addie'.

Children of EDWARD BRYLAWSKI and HELENE GUTLOHN are:

i. BEULAH⁵ BRYLAWSKI, m. DON R. KELSO, June 10, 1957.

ii. EDWARD BRYLAWSKI, m. EVA ERICKSEN, September 25, 1965, New York, New York.

40. RUTH⁴ BRYLAWSKI (EDWARD³, RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born November 21, 1907. She married (1) KUHN. She married (2) ERIC KNIGHT December 26, 1932. She married (3) FREDERICK LINDTNER November 1945.

Child of RUTH BRYLAWSKI and FREDERICK LINDTNER is:

i. JEFFREY PETER⁵ LINDTNER 

41. JEANNE⁴ BRYLAWSKI (EDWARD³, RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born November 16, 1910. She married (1) RAYMOND SPEISER September 08, 1931. She married (2) MILTON JAFFEE September 08, 1931.

Child of JEANNE BRYLAWSKI and RAYMOND SPEISER is:

i. ELLEN⁵ SPEISER, m. MALCOLM C. EISENBERG, November 20, 1960.

42. MICHAEL⁴ BRYLAWSKI (EDWARD³, RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹). He married KATHERINE KOON KRAUSKOPF June 03, 1947, daughter of MANFRED KRAUSKOPF and BABETTA KOON.

Notes for MICHAEL BRYLAWSKI:

Michael Brylawski

MARRIAGE: Dr. Michael Brylawski and his wife Katherine Koon Krauskopf were married by Rabbi Malcolm Stern, a relative of hers.

Children of MICHAEL BRYLAWSKI and KATHERINE KRAUSKOPF are:

JOAN ELLEN⁵ BRYLAWSKI

ROBERT EDWARD BRYLAWSKI

43. JULIA⁴ BLOCH (JEANETTE³ BRYLAWSKI, RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born December 02, 1903 in Pennsylvania, died in August, 1987 in Pennsylvania. She married GUSTAV STRAUS November 21, 1934 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, son of JACOB STRAUS and MATHILDA BAUM.

Notes for JULIA BLOCH:

Julia Bloch - 0590

OCCUPATION: Julia Bloch (RIN 0590) was an artist per the following details:

News story from "Daily Intelligencer/Montgomery County Record: for Wednesday, November 27, 1985. Willow Grove, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, USA.

The Arts - Seeing Life (Headline)

Artist uses many techniques to translate observation into art (Sub-Headline)

by Nora O'Dowd, Staff Writer

Her artistic career, recalls Julia Straus, began almost 80 years ago. She can remember sitting by the side of her grandfather's desk as he opened his mail, handing her the split envelopes and a pencil.

And so, at the tender age of 3, she began to draw. "I sat there and drew. I wouldn't say they were artistic, but they were drawings," she said.

Originally intending to be an illustrator, Mrs. Straus has had a career that encompassed many other areas of art including printmaking, portrait painting and silver point drawing.

Her favorite portrait was one she did of a Japanese woman. "She was so beautiful and lovely and dainty," Mrs. Straus recalled.

Mrs. Straus' work has been exhibited locally at the Academy of Fine Art, the Art Alliance and the Print Club, and further afield in Wichita, Kan., Oakland, Calif. and the Library of Congress. Some of her prints are among the permanent collection of Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh.

The styles of her work are vastly different. There are the still-lifes, such as the one hanging in the Willow Grove home where she now lives - oranges before an iridescent Oriental fabric of the palest green highlighted by touches of bright orange.

Then there are the delicate drawings, almost whispers, of a Chinese goose and the trunk of a tree she has done in a technique called silver point. Using a specially treated paper, the drawing is done with a silver wire. "It etches into the paper, but you cannot make any corrections," she explained. To achieve darker hues, the artist must go over and over the drawing.

Perhaps the most striking examples of her work are those paintings done entirely with triangles. One, "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse," is among her favorite works. In brilliant colors, the painting shows the four biblical incarnations of the plagues of mankind - war, famine, pestilence and death.

First, I read the Book of Revelations very carefully to make sure I had the colors and the instruments they're holding just right," she said. The triangle technique evolved from her days of teaching at the Allens Lane Art Center, Chestnut Hill.

Her students were having difficulty rendering the human form. "It occurred to me it would make it easier for them if I could show them that we are constructed of triangles," said the Philadelphia native.

Not only did the concept help her students, who drew triangles, then softened them into human form, but it opened another artistic avenue for Mrs. Straus. "I thought this would be fun. I'll try it in painting," she said.

Inspirations for her art "come out of the air. You don't have to go chasing them. Happy incidents, or sad ones. Sometimes reading will remind me of something in the past," she continued. "All are constant influences. You can't pinpoint why or how you do these things."

She spoke of coming across a fallen branch, two leaves still attached to it, during a walk. "It yelled, it absolutely yelled, to be done," said Mrs. Straus, who said learning to see is an artist's most important lesson.

Mrs. Straus also enjoys writing. "Essentially, I'm not a writer, but I like to write very much. And I'm always in a bad humor when I'm not working on a project."

Her most recent effort is a book, "Golden Snickers," due to be published soon, which she wrote and illustrated.

- - - - - - -

Julia attended School of Design for Women, School of Industrial Art, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art and the University of Pennsylvania.

In addition to the exhibitions mentioned above she has exhibited at Woodmere (Philadelphia) and in Brooklyn, New York.

She authored children's poetry in the Evening Bulletin and the Inquirer of Philadelphia and the monthly "Highlights for Children".

She was listed in "Who's Who in Art" in the 1930's.

(The following from a publicity pamphlet on her book `Golden Snickers')

GOLDEN SNICKERS

Julia B. Straus

A collection of lighthearted verse, 'Golden Snickers', offers a wry look at some of the pleasures and pitfalls of aging.

Spanning moods from mellow to merry, each poem brings the warmth of a gentle but forthright spirit - recognizing the humor in our human condition, casting the problems and losses of age in sprightly cameos that both advise and amuse.

Wrinkles and rocking chairs, dentures and doctors, creaking joints, children, and failing sight - all find their place in the poet's quick rhymes.

Julia Straus's vivacity, wit, and engaging candor will appeal to readers of all ages. `Golden Snickers' is a collection to be enjoyed more than once.

About the Author

Julia B. Straus was born in Philadelphia, and graduated from the School of Design for Women (now Moore College of Art), the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and the University of Pennsylvania School of Fine Arts.

The author describes herself as "primarily a painter and block-print maker." She has exhibited her works throughout the United States; at the Academy of Fine Arts, the Art Alliance and Print Club in Philadelphia, as well as Oakland, California. Ms. Straus also has her work in the permanent print collection at the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh.

Writing verses has been a hobby for Ms. Straus for many years and she has had some published in `Highlights for Children', the `Philadelphia Inquirer Magazine' and the `Philadelphia Bulletin Women's Page'. The author also illustrated `Matilda The Old-Fashioned Hen.'

Ms. Straus is the widow of Gustav Straus (RIN 0657) of Worms, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, and the mother of one son, Daniel Edward Straus (RIN 0586), with whom she now resides, along with his wife, Edith Wells (RIN 0600).

(The following from an unidentified newspaper clipping)

Antique Dealer of Verse

AUTHOR WRITES OF AGING WITH GENTLE HUMOR

By Nora O'Dowd, Staff Writer

Julia B. Straus has dedicated her book of verses to her son and his wife, Daniel and Edith Straus, with whom she lives in Willow Grove "in appreciation of their love and kindness and ability to handle `antiques'".

She herself is the antique of which she writes. "Everybody has liked the idea of the `antiques' so far," she said with a chuckle.

The slim volume, called "Golden Snickers," will be available in bookstores throughout the country by the end of the month, she said. Published by Dorrance and Co., Bryn Mawr, the book also has been illustrated by Mrs. Straus, an accomplished artist.

The verses are four-line sketches illustrating that time of life known as "The Golden Years." She writes about doctors, failing sight and hearing, bland diets and perspectives. But there is a gentle humor in the subjects she touches upon.

She reminds balding gentlemen that there are many ladies who would love being asked out on a date, illustrates the folly of trying to do without one's cane for vanity's sake, and cautions against frequent consultations with the mirror because the reflection inevitably will bring up three questions: "Who is it? What happened? and When?"

In "Drinking Song," Mrs. Straus offers this bit of advice to her contemporaries:

When our minds are beginning to falter

There's no sense in starting to brood...

Tho' a vegetable you may become one day,

NOW is the time to get stewed.

There are also quite a few selections replete with some of Mrs. Straus' philosophy. "Insight," for example, addresses the problem of failing eyesight in an illuminating way:

When glasses get thicker and stronger

and nothing much adds to our sight...

The prayers that we said with our parents

will bring us an Internal Light.

Other verses, such as "Combination," suggest people accept their age naturally, with grace and without artifice. That verse goes like this:

Dyeing your hair to a Jet Black,

doesn't blend with a `Parchment' type skin...

Its failure to make you look younger

GLARES like Diamonds, MOUNTED in TIN.

Mrs. Straus said the reaction to the advance copies sent her by the publisher has been quite good.

"It's been very well received - people seem to think it hits the nail on the head," she said.

She has been writing verses for quite some time, and has had some of her work published in `Highlights for Children' magazine, the Philadelphia Inquirer and the old `Bulletin'.

"When I write these verses, I sit down and I write them one after another," said Mrs. Straus, who says she tries to work in the morning, every morning.

Of the events and characters populating the verses in "Golden Snickers," she said "These are just things that happen to me and my friends. I took the everyday things.

"They're the things that make it - they are recognizable," she said.

.

Notes for GUSTAV STRAUS:

Gustav Straus - 0657

EDUCATION: Gustav Straus (RIN 0657) was educated at the gymnasium in Worms, Rhineland- Palatinate, Germany.

MILITARY: Gustav Straus served in the German army in World War I.

IMMIGRATION: Gustav Straus immigrated from Switzerland to New York on 21 Dec 1923.

NATURALIZATION: Gustav Straus was naturalized as an American citizen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 26 Nov 1929.

DEATH: Gustav Straus died of a stroke following a heart attack suffered in 1956.

Child of JULIA BLOCH and GUSTAV STRAUS is:

i. DANIEL EDWARD⁵ STRAUS, b. April 04, 1941, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; m. EDITH WELLS, September 07, 1968, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

44. PHILIP WERNER⁴ AMRAM (BEULAH³ BRYLAWSKI, RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born March 14, 1900, died April 20, 1990. He married EMILIE S. WEYL/WEIL December 18, 1924, daughter of JULIUS WEYL and MIRIAM SALLER.

Notes for PHILIP WERNER AMRAM:

Philip Werner Amram - 0594

EDUCATION: Philip Werner Amram (RIN 0594) had an agricultural degree from Pennsylvania State University and a law degree from the University of Pennsylvania.

OCCUPATION: Philip Werner Amran (RIN 0594) was a farmer, law student and teacher. He is mentioned in "Who's Who".

Children of PHILIP AMRAM and EMILIE WEYL/WEIL are:

i. MARIANNA BEULAH⁵ AMRAM, m. PAUL FITZPATRICK, November 06, 1954.

ii. DAVID WERNER AMRAM, m. LAURA LEE ECOBELLI, January 1979, New York, New York.

Notes for DAVID WERNER AMRAM:

David Werner Amram III -

OCCUPATION: David Amram, a "Renaissance man of American music," will perform at the National Museum of American Jewish History, Independence Mall East, in a concert, "Many Voices, One Heart: The Music of the Jewish People," Thursday, 7:30 p.m.

A native Philadelphian known for his international sound, Amram, with fellow musicians Avram Pengas and George Mgrdichian (sic), will use a variety of primitive and classical instruments to trace the folkloric roots of American Jewish music through the many centuries and lands in which the Jewish people have lived.

The performance will provide a musical correlation to the crafts exhibition featuring an array of contemporary interpretations of traditional ritual objects.

A composer, conductor and multi-instrumentalist who creatively combines Jewish traditional music, American jazz and symphonic forms, Amram is a musician whose work cannot be pigeonholed into any of the conventional categories. Hopscotching his way from indigenous rhythms to serious folk music, from New York's Lower East Side to the mountains of Tibet, he has conducted and appeared as a soloist for symphony orchestras around the world while mastering a broad range of musical disciplines.

A dessert reception will follow the concert. For information, call 923-3811.

David is a prominent composer and musician. He is able to pick up and play almost any kind of instrument. He is mentioned in "Who's Who."

- - - - - - -

Clipping from Interview section of The Philadelphia Inquirer Magazine for 13 Apr 1986: (Written by Maralyn Lois Polak)

DAVID AMRAN, HE CAN PLAY ANYTHING. Few people play so many instruments so well. Fewer still show up in a truck to conduct.

Craggily handsome David Amram has big hands, sleepy blue eyes, unshaven face, leonine hair, ripped blue blazer with snowy shoulders, and necklace after necklace of charms and amulets and flutes and whistles shaped like little birds and animals whose cries are called songs. As for David Amram, he has been called the Renaissance Man of American Music.

- - - - - - -

Eclectic and energetic, he is a jazz/folk/classical composer/conductor/performer whose music is romantic, dramatic, colorful, if not absolutely memorable. He can play nearly 50 instruments, from French horn to Sioux courting flute. He gigged with Charlie Mingus, recorded with Lionel Hampton, swapped stories with Jack Kerouac, jammed with shepherds at the Khyber Pass, set American Indian tribal chants to music for the Philadelphia Orchestra, made Shakespeare swing in Manhattan, and traveled as a syncopated good-will ambassador for the State Department from Brazil to Cuba, Kenya to Egypt. David Amram led a One-Room-in-the-Village-but-at-home-in- the-World existence that could be considered the epitome of bohemian hipness before he finally succumbed to marriage at the relatively advanced age of 48.

The former Feasterville, Pennsylvania, farmboy who used to sell his own corn, 100 ears for a dollar, on Bustleton Pike, is now a vigorous 55. Music is "the most healthifying thing you can do," he says. He resides in an old two-bedroom `falling-down' farmhouse just off the Taconic Parkway on the side of a mountain in Putnam Valley, N.Y., with his wife, Lora Lee, and their little kids, Adam, Alana and Adira. David Amram, who has composed more than 100 orchestral and chamber works, two operas, and numerous scores for Broadway and Hollywood, will be in residence at the Philadelphia College of Art from Tuesday through Saturday for lectures, master classes, rap sessions and a public concert. (For more information, call 875-4829).

"I got married in 1979. I was just 48 years old. So I should really be a grandfather by now," he tells me on a recent visit to the National Museum of American Jewish History. Why'd he wait so long? "Well, that was something I never planned; it just happened," he shrugged. "And if Bobby DePasquale (of the Philadelphia Orchestra) and his brother and another friend hadn't taken me to the restaurant of my future father-in-law, and I hadn't kept going back to Saratoga, I never would have met my wife. So I guess that must have all been planned as part of my Philadelphia karma...."

It's odd - for a man who prizes family so much, he had a rather independent life for so long. "Yes. Well, I had never been married up until that point," he replied, "but then I also had never been divorced! So my concept of, I guess, marriage was that, just like music, it's supposed to be built to last. And I only would say that because I think that's what people should do. I'd never be that audacious.

"But that's how I felt, you know. And I just didn't feel really ready before that. And the times I was thinking about getting married, to be perfectly frank, what I was doing, what I was trying to achieve and what I was being compensated for what I achieved, ah," he laughs, "had an extremely minimal return economically. And so I would do things like film scores to get by."

"No, I wasn't poor. I was living by my own choice. I would do what I had to do to pay my $150 rent in New York City. And the rest of the time when I was working on my symphony music and playing the concert music I wanted to do and doing stuff, I would do it because, whatever it was, I wanted to do it. And I could do it because I didn't have to look after anyone [else]....

"Interestingly enough, at my wedding, a great drummer who I played with for 14 years, said, Dave, now you're going to get married and have some kids. He said, All that work you've been doing most of your life, it's all going to come back to you. He said, you see, it's going to happen, you'll be provided for, because that work that you're going to be doing now, your family is going to bring you some good luck. And it's extraordinary that, as each child showed up, I seemed to get better and better work, he marvels.

"I never dreamed that I'd be conducting all these different orchestras, or any orchestra. And when I started doing this in Brooklyn in 1970, it was because Lucas Foss and the people in the orchestra felt I could probably relate to school kids in the New York City area and hopefully get them at least to sit down and enjoy the concert. Now I'm doing that with 14 orchestras regularly and lot of other orchestras doing adult programs, and I'm getting commissioned to write pieces for orchestras all around the country, and I'm even getting to perform at festivals and getting compensated well for all of that.

"And I mention that not to brag," he continues, "but only because it's something that happened almost of its own volition. When sometimes a generation later someone who would tell me after I worked with them, someone who might be an arts administrator, perhaps in their 20s or 30s, that they remember hearing me when they were 10 years old, suddenly became interested in what I was doing. And on a certain level, I think it's probably very fortunate, because I can appreciate ... my wife and children every day.

"And I bring them with me as many times as I can. I'll bring them with me when I come back here. And I take them with me in the summertimes every place I go. We just get in our truck and travel wherever we're going to go. And I have a Chevrolet four-door pickup truck. The woman who runs the Montreal Symphony Young People's Program...very wonderful woman, and when I arrived at the hotel with my children in my truck, she said, `Monsieur Amram, you're the first regular conductor we've ever had in the orchestra's history who arrived here in his own truck!'" he laughs.

What's his wife like? "She plays guitar very well and writes songs and poetry, and she's a very good artist, and she has a 4-H Club. And she's amazing as far as having our kids feel they really have a home all the time, whether we're out on the road in the summertime staying at different motels, or even camping out in our truck sometimes when we go to the informal kind of festivals where you can stay in a tent, which our kids love, and I also enjoy doing.

"And also, she was thinking of being a veterinarian, so she has a terrific understanding of animals. And with our little filly that she has, she's actually getting this little baby horse and will train that for the kids in the 4-H Club. And also we have 13 chickens and a rooster, some ducks, and two goats. And it's really something. Because our children and all the kids that live in the different farms and stuff around us are having a chance to see and be part of something like that.

"And for me, that was like my dream, someday to go back to something like Feasterville. And since Feasterville isn't a farming place anymore, I just hope my children, at least for a few years, will get some picture of that. And it's also good for kids to get that sense of responsibility, of helping to take care of some animals, too. And I figure then when they grow up, if they want to leave home and move to a city or whatever they're going to do, they'll at least know that everything doesn't come out of a can."

Despite returning to his rural roots, he hasn't given up the one-room New York apartment he got in 1959. "It was terrific," he grins, "I had a wonderful time, I got a lot of music written there. I never thought about it being tiny. Because where I write my music now, we have a real small house, and I have one tiny room, I guess six by eight feet, probably, with all my music, and the piano. It's about the same size I always worked in. So I don't really need much space to work...

"My parents always stressed the importance of trying, even though I wasn't a good formal student, of always being scholarly, trying to study things. Listening and playing together was really what you spent your life doing, and trying to get what you knew and doing it better was an end-less process. And the practicing and working and working at something endlessly wasn't a sign that you weren't good," he declares, "it was a sign you were on the right track. It was just kind of a lifetime devotion to doing it better and better."

Though he's now booked years in advance, his own past keeps him sensitive and sympathetic. "Even though the reality of the arts is that 95 percent of the poets, painters, musicians, and artists have to have other jobs even to support themselves and are struggling just to get somebody to come and see what they're doing, still and all there are people who, if they're more fortunate, can very quickly forget what the reality is for most people in the performing arts, and also forget that part of your job, once you're fortunate to get any kind of recognition, is to share that awareness of the arts in general with other people, and always try to be decent to every fellow artist that you see.

"Because they say in the Old Testament, in the Prayer of Remembrance, `Let not the oppressed become the oppressor.' So part of our job, I guess, as musicians, is, if nothing else, to speak to everybody that you run across, or everybody who gets in touch with you, calls you, whatever, to be able to encourage that person, at least with some advice or some kind word, if not to be able to give them a job or a chance to play their music, at least do something, some form of acknowledgement. Because it's meant so much to me, so much of my life, to have people I would run across who would offer me just that kind of brief kindness."

45. DAVID WERNER⁴ AMRAM (BEULAH³ BRYLAWSKI, RACHEL² DRACHMAN, HARRIS¹) was born April 24, 1901. He married HELEN NEWLIN May 28, 1935.

Children of DAVID AMRAM and HELEN NEWLIN are:

i. ELINOR NEWLIN⁵ AMRAM, m. ALAN D. HEWITT, November 25, 1960.

ii. PETER ASHBROOK AMRAM, m. SUZANNE HAPKE, June 08, 1963.

iii. LOUISE AMRAM, m. BRYANT KELSEY.